CREGED, Université Quisqueya, 218 avenue de Turgeau, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
UR 6-1, AIHP-GEODE Caraïbe, Université des Antilles, Port-au-Prince, Pôle, Haïti.
Int J Equity Health. 2024 Aug 26;23(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s12939-024-02255-8.
Despite many efforts to provide children with legal existence over the last decades, 1 in 4 children under the age of 5 (166 million) do not officially exist, with limited possibility to enjoy their human rights. In Latin America and the Caribbean, Haiti has one of the highest rates of undocumented births. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and the determinant factors of undocumented childhood in Haiti.
For analysis of undocumented childhood and related socioeconomic determinants, data from the 2016/17 Haiti demographic and health survey were used. The prevalence and the associated factors were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the binary logistic regression model.
The prevalence of undocumented childhood in Haiti was 23% (95% CI: 21.9-24.0) among children under-five. Among the drivers of undocumented births, mothers with no formal education (aOR = 3.88; 95% CI 2.21-6.81), children aged less than 1 year (aOR = 20.47; 95% CI 16.83-24.89), children adopted or in foster care (aOR = 2.66; 95% CI 1.67-4.24), children from the poorest regions like "Artibonite" (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.63-2.94) or "Centre" (aOR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.10) or "Nord-Ouest" (aOR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.11-2.34), children from poorest households (aOR = 6.25; 95% CI 4.37-8.93), and children whose mothers were dead (aOR = 2.45; 95% CI 1.33-4.49) had higher odds to be undocumented.
According to our findings, there is an institutional necessity to bring birth documentation to underprivileged households, particularly those in the poorest regions where socioeconomic development programs are also needed. Interventions should focus on uneducated mothers who are reknown for giving birth outside of medical facilities. Therefore, an awareness campaign should be implemented to influence the children late-registering behavior.
尽管过去几十年来为儿童提供合法身份做了很多努力，但仍有四分之一的 5 岁以下儿童（1.66 亿人）没有正式身份，他们享有自身人权的可能性有限。在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，海地的非正规出生人数位居前列。本研究旨在分析海地儿童无身份证件的发生率及其相关社会经济决定因素。
为分析海地儿童无身份证件的情况及其相关社会经济决定因素，我们使用了 2016/17 年海地人口与健康调查的数据。采用描述性统计和二元逻辑回归模型对无身份证件儿童的发生率及其相关因素进行了分析。
海地 5 岁以下儿童无身份证件的发生率为 23%（95%CI：21.9-24.0）。在无身份证件出生的驱动因素中，母亲未接受正规教育（aOR=3.88；95%CI 2.21-6.81）、1 岁以下儿童（aOR=20.47；95%CI 16.83-24.89）、被领养或寄养儿童（aOR=2.66；95%CI 1.67-4.24）、来自“阿蒂博尼特”（aOR=2.19；95%CI 1.63-2.94）、“中部”（aOR=1.51；95%CI 1.09-2.10）或“北方”（aOR=1.61；95%CI 1.11-2.34）等最贫困地区的儿童、来自最贫困家庭的儿童（aOR=6.25；95%CI 4.37-8.93）和母亲去世的儿童（aOR=2.45；95%CI 1.33-4.49），这些儿童无身份证件的发生概率更高。
根据我们的研究结果，必须为贫困家庭，特别是为最贫困地区的贫困家庭提供出生证明，这些地区还需要社会经济发展计划。干预措施应侧重于受教育程度较低的母亲，她们往往在医疗机构外分娩。因此，应开展宣传运动，影响儿童的后期登记行为。
