Xu Yiru, Saiding Qimanguli, Zhou Xue, Wang Juan, Cui Wenguo, Chen Xinliang
The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases Shanghai China.
Smart Med. 2024 Feb 24;3(1):e20230034. doi: 10.1002/SMMD.20230034. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Immune engineering, a burgeoning field within regenerative medicine, involves a spectrum of strategies to optimize the intricate interplay between tissue regenerative biomaterials and the host tissue. These strategies are applied across different types of biomaterials and various disease models, which encompasses finely modulating the immune response at the levels of immune cells and factors, aiming to mitigate adverse effects like fibrosis and persistent inflammation that may arise at the injury site and consequently promote tissue regeneration. With the continuous progress in electrospinning technology, the immunoregulatory capabilities of electrospun fibers have gained substantial attention over the years. Electrospun fibers, with their extracellular matrix-like characteristics, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, and reliable pharmaceutical compound capacity, have emerged as key players among tissue engineering materials. This review specifically focuses on the role of electrospun fiber-based immune engineering, emphasizing their unique design strategies. Notably, electrospinning actively engages in immune engineering by modulating immune responses through four essential strategies: (i) surface modification, (ii) drug loading, (iii) physicochemical parameters, and (iv) biological grafting. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the intricate mechanisms of the immune system in injured tissues while unveiling the key strategies adopted by electrospun fibers to orchestrate immune regulation. Furthermore, the review explores the current developmental trends and limitations concerning the immunoregulatory function of electrospun fibers, aiming to drive the advancements in electrospun fiber-based immune engineering to its full potential.
免疫工程是再生医学中一个新兴的领域，涉及一系列策略，以优化组织再生生物材料与宿主组织之间复杂的相互作用。这些策略应用于不同类型的生物材料和各种疾病模型，包括在免疫细胞和因子水平上精细调节免疫反应，旨在减轻损伤部位可能出现的纤维化和持续性炎症等不良反应，从而促进组织再生。随着静电纺丝技术的不断进步，近年来静电纺丝纤维的免疫调节能力受到了广泛关注。静电纺丝纤维具有类似细胞外基质的特性、高的表面积与体积比以及可靠的药物负载能力，已成为组织工程材料中的关键角色。本综述特别关注基于静电纺丝纤维的免疫工程的作用，强调其独特的设计策略。值得注意的是，静电纺丝通过四种基本策略调节免疫反应，积极参与免疫工程：（i）表面修饰，（ii）药物负载，（iii）物理化学参数，以及（iv）生物嫁接。本综述全面概述了受损组织中免疫系统的复杂机制，同时揭示了静电纺丝纤维用于协调免疫调节的关键策略。此外，该综述探讨了静电纺丝纤维免疫调节功能的当前发展趋势和局限性，旨在充分发挥基于静电纺丝纤维的免疫工程的潜力。
