Tsantoulas Alexandros, Tsiambas Evangelos, Spyropoulou Despoina, Adamopoulou Maria, Mastronikoli Sofianiki, Roukas Dimitrios, Vylliotis Antonis, Kafkas Nikolaos, Fotiades Panagiotis, Agrogiannis George, Lazaris Andreas, Kavantzas Nikolaos
Department of Cardiology, "KAT" General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Department of Cytology, 417 Veterans Army Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Maedica (Bucur). 2024 Jun;19(2):373-379. doi: 10.26574/maedica.2024.19.2.373.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major and multifaceted health problem but also the first cause of death in modern Western societies. Furthermore, myocardial infarction (MI) constitutes a challenge for analysis in the field of molecular mechanisms, early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches, as its incidence increases every year worldwide. Concerning the histopathological diagnosis in the corresponding cases, a variety of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers and methods are available to support conventional histology diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry techniques are effective for use in forensic pathology, expanding the limits of differential diagnoses in borderline cases, as they can be applied to tissue samples fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.
The purpose of the current review was to explore the role of connexin 43 (gene locus: 6q22.31) as a reliable biomarker of myocardial disease/infarction and its impact on MI pathology.
A systematic review of the literature was carried out based on the international database PubMed. The majority of medical data referred to articles published after the year 2020, whereas specific references of great importance and value were also included. The following keywords were used: coronary, artery, myocardial, infarction, connexin and immunohistochemistry.
A pool of 38 significant articles focused on the mechanisms and novel experimental biomarkers was selected for the present study at the basis of combining molecular knowledge with new clinical features in CAD, and MI histodiagnosis.
The role of connexin 43 - as a significant gap junction intermediate protein - in MI pathology, clinical symptoms and prognosis is critical because its dysfunction is involved in myocardial conduction and the onset of ventricular arrhythmias due to a crucial interruption of the intra-cardiomyocyte's conjunction.
冠状动脉疾病（CAD）是一个主要的多方面健康问题，也是现代西方社会的首要死因。此外，心肌梗死（MI）在分子机制、早期诊断和治疗方法领域的分析中构成了挑战，因为其在全球范围内的发病率逐年上升。关于相应病例的组织病理学诊断，有多种免疫组织化学（IHC）标志物和方法可用于支持传统组织学诊断。免疫组织化学技术在法医病理学中有效，可扩大临界病例鉴别诊断的范围，因为它们可应用于用福尔马林固定并石蜡包埋的组织样本。
本综述的目的是探讨连接蛋白43（基因座：6q22.31）作为心肌疾病/梗死的可靠生物标志物的作用及其对心肌梗死病理学的影响。
基于国际数据库PubMed对文献进行了系统综述。大多数医学数据参考了2020年后发表的文章，但也纳入了具有重要意义和价值的特定参考文献。使用了以下关键词：冠状动脉、动脉、心肌、梗死、连接蛋白和免疫组织化学。
在结合CAD和MI组织诊断中的分子知识与新临床特征的基础上，本研究选择了38篇聚焦于机制和新型实验生物标志物的重要文章。
连接蛋白43作为一种重要的缝隙连接中间蛋白，在MI病理学、临床症状和预后中的作用至关重要，因为其功能障碍涉及心肌传导以及由于心肌细胞内连接的关键中断导致的室性心律失常的发作。
