Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024 Sep;34(9):e14717. doi: 10.1111/sms.14717.
This study aimed to analyze the chronic effect of high cognitive effort immediately before resistance exercise sessions on neuromuscular performance in untrained male adults. We used a mixed experimental design, with the group as between-participants factor and time as within-participants factor. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to two parallel groups: high cognitive effort (n = 17) and control (n = 17). Subjects in the control group were seated for 30 min before the resistance exercise sessions, while the high cognitive effort group completed incongruent trials of the Stroop task until subjective mental fatigue was present immediately before resistance exercise sessions. Participants attended 45 sessions over 15 weeks, consisting of three familiarizations, three baseline evaluations, 36 velocity-based training sessions, and three postexperiment evaluation sessions. Rate of force development (RFD) during the isometric mid-thigh pull, half back-squat 1-RM, and countermovement jump (CMJ) were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. A significant group × time interaction effect was found for the average RFD at 0-250 ms (p < 0.05), with greater improvements for the control group than for the high cognitive effort group. There was no group × time interaction for half back-squat 1-RM (p > 0.05). Also, there was no group × time interaction for CMJ (p > 0.05). In conclusion, repeated high cognitive effort immediately prior to resistance exercise sessions is a phenomenon that can induce greater early velocity loss and, consequently, impairs the improvements in RFD. However, this did not inhibit the increased performance for explosive strength and CMJ in male untrained adults. High cognitive effort before resistance exercise sessions should be avoided.
本研究旨在分析抗阻训练前高认知努力对未经训练的成年男性的神经肌肉性能的慢性影响。我们采用混合实验设计，以组为被试间因素，时间为被试内因素。34 名参与者被随机分配到两个平行组：高认知努力组（n=17）和对照组（n=17）。对照组在抗阻训练前静坐 30 分钟，而高认知努力组在抗阻训练前完成斯特鲁普任务的不一致试验，直到出现主观精神疲劳。参与者参加了 45 次 15 周的训练，包括 3 次熟悉度测试、3 次基线评估、36 次基于速度的训练和 3 次实验后评估。在等长大腿中部拉伸、半深蹲 1RM 和反向跳（CMJ）之前和之后测量等速 mid-thigh pull 的力发展率（RFD）。在 12 周的干预后，发现平均 RFD 在 0-250ms 处存在显著的组×时间交互效应（p<0.05），对照组的改善大于高认知努力组。半深蹲 1RM 处的组×时间交互效应不显著（p>0.05）。CMJ 处也没有组×时间交互效应（p>0.05）。总之，抗阻训练前重复的高认知努力会导致早期速度损失更大，从而损害 RFD 的改善。然而，这并没有抑制未经训练的成年男性在爆发力和 CMJ 方面的表现提高。抗阻训练前应避免高认知努力。
