N-acetyltransferase 10 mediates cognitive dysfunction through the acetylation of GABAR1 mRNA in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a critical neurological complication of sepsis and represents a crucial factor contributing to high mortality and adverse prognosis in septic patients. This study explored the contribution of NAT10-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) acetylation in cognitive dysfunction associated with SAE, utilizing a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced SAE mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that CLP significantly upregulates NAT10 expression and mRNA acetylation in the excitatory neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Notably, neuronal-specific knockdown improved cognitive function in septic mice, highlighting its critical role in SAE. Proteomic analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and real-time qPCR identified GABAR1 as a key downstream target of NAT10. deletion reduced GABAR1 expression, and subsequently weakened inhibitory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal DG neurons. Further analysis revealed that microglia activation and the release of inflammatory mediators lead to the increased NAT10 expression in neurons. Microglia depletion with PLX3397 effectively reduced NAT10 and GABAR1 expression in neurons, and ameliorated cognitive dysfunction induced by SAE. In summary, our findings revealed that after CLP, NAT10 in hippocampal DG neurons promotes GABAR1 expression through mRNA acetylation, leading to cognitive dysfunction.