Social Media Use and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Prior research has investigated the link between social media use (SMU) and negative well-being. However, the connection with positive well-being has not been extensively studied, leading to a situation where there are inconsistent and inconclusive findings. This study fills this gap by examining the correlation between excessive and problematic SMU and subjective as well as psychological well-being (PWB). We conducted a systematic search across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and gray literature sources such as Research Gate and ProQuest, yielding 51 relevant studies for meta-analysis, encompassing a sample size of 680,506 individuals. Employing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, we assessed study quality, whereas statistical analysis was executed using R Studio. Excessive SMU showed no significant association with subjective ( = 0.003, 95% confidence interval []: -0.08, 0.09; = 0.94, = 95.8%, =16) and PWB ( = 0.16, : -0.15, 0.45; = 0.26, = 98%, = 7). Conversely, problematic SMU showed a negative correlation with subjective (, : -0.20, -0.09; = 0.00, = 93.3%, = 25) and PWB (, : -0.31, -0.06; = 0.01, = 95%, = 5), with two outliers removed. No publication bias was detected. Subgroup analysis highlighted effects of "sampling method" ( < 0.05), "study quality" ( < 0.05), "developmental status" ( < 0.05), "forms of social media" ( < 0.05), and "type of population" ( < 0.01) on the estimated pooled effect sizes. Although univariate meta-regression showed the effects of "% of Internet users" ( < 0.05) and "male%" ( < 0.05), and multivariate meta-regression showed the combined effect of moderators only on the relationship between problematic SMU and subjective well-being.