Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2024 Oct 5;137(19):2325-2333. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003270. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the primary causes of disability and death. The aim of this study is to analyze the disease burden of NCDs in China from 1990 to 2021.
This study used data on NCDs in China and its provinces from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. The study analyzed the disease burden of NCDs in 2021 and its changes from 1990 to 2021 using indicators including deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
Between 1990 and 2021, the NCD burden in China exhibited an upward trend. In 2021, China had 10.6 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 9.0-12.2) million deaths and 349.3 (95% UI: 301.5-401.2) million DALYs due to NCDs, accounting for 91.0% (95% UI: 90.4-91.7%) of all deaths and 86.7% (95% UI: 86.0-87.4%) of all DALYs. NCDs caused a lower disease burden in females than in males. Cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms were the main NCD level 2 causes of deaths and DALYs, resulting in 5.1 (95% UI: 4.3-5.9) and 2.8 (95% UI: 2.3-3.4) million deaths and 100.2 (95% UI: 84.6-116.6) million and 71.2 (95% UI: 59.3-85.2) million DALYs in 2021, respectively. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of NCD deaths, while musculoskeletal disorders were the third leading cause of NCD DALYs. Qinghai, Xizang, and Heilongjiang had the highest age-standardized mortality rates and age-standardized DALY rates (per 100,000) for NCDs, while Hong Kong Special Administration Region (SAR), Macao SAR, and Shanghai recorded the lowest age-standardized mortality rates and age-standardized DALY rates.
NCDs caused a high disease burden in China and exhibited heterogeneity across sexes and provinces. China needs to focus on addressing key NCDs and implement intervention measures tailored to the disease distribution characteristics to reduce the NCD burden.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）是导致残疾和死亡的主要原因。本研究旨在分析 1990 年至 2021 年中国 NCD 的疾病负担。
本研究使用了来自全球疾病、伤害和危险因素研究（GBD）2021 的中国及其省份 NCD 数据。该研究使用死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALY）等指标，分析了 2021 年 NCD 疾病负担及其从 1990 年至 2021 年的变化情况。
1990 年至 2021 年期间，中国 NCD 负担呈上升趋势。2021 年，中国有 1060 万（95%不确定度区间[UI]：90-122）人因 NCD 死亡，34930 万（95% UI：3015-4012）人因 NCD 丧失伤残生命年（DALY），占所有死亡的 91.0%（95% UI：90.4-91.7%）和所有 DALY 的 86.7%（95% UI：86.0-87.4%）。NCD 在女性中的疾病负担低于男性。心血管疾病和肿瘤是 NCD 二级死因和 DALY 的主要原因，导致 510 万（95% UI：4.3-5.9）和 280 万（95% UI：2.3-3.4）人死亡，10020 万（95% UI：846-1166）和 7120 万（95% UI：593-852）人丧失伤残生命年，分别在 2021 年。慢性呼吸道疾病是 NCD 死亡的第三大原因，而肌肉骨骼疾病是 NCD DALY 的第三大原因。青海、西藏和黑龙江的 NCD 年龄标准化死亡率和年龄标准化 DALY 率（每 10 万人）最高，而香港特别行政区（SAR）、澳门特别行政区（SAR）和上海的 NCD 年龄标准化死亡率和年龄标准化 DALY 率最低。
NCD 在中国造成了很高的疾病负担，并且在性别和省份之间存在异质性。中国需要关注主要的 NCD，并实施针对疾病分布特征的干预措施，以降低 NCD 的负担。
