Wu Xi, Liu Jianwei, Li Xinyue, Zhang Wanxin, Yang Yong, Ma Jiazi, Cao Mao, Cheng Mengjie, Wu Guangjian, Xiu Haidi, Du Zhongjun
Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Aug 26;13:1629284. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1629284. eCollection 2025.
Chronic diseases have emerged as a significant public health challenge, impacting the well-being of the Chinese populace, despite scant research exploring the influence of dietary factors on these conditions. This article aimed to investigate the dietary patterns of adult residents in Shandong Province, China, and explore the relationship between these dietary patterns and common chronic diseases.
We used data from the Total Diet Study of the Population of Shandong Province in China between 2015 and 2016. After further screening, a total of 2,828 adult residents with complete dietary and chronic disease prevalence information were included in this study. Food frequency questionnaires were used to ascertain dietary consumption. Dietary patterns were derived through factor analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of common chronic diseases, while adjusting for potential confounders.
Three dietary patterns were identified: dietary pattern 1 (characterized by high intake of grains and tubers, vegetables, fruits, eggs, meat, nuts, and legumes); dietary pattern 2 (with high consumption of edible fungi and algae, legumes, snacks, aquatic products, and vegetables, but low in eggs); and dietary pattern 3 (high in dairy, beverages, and snacks). Notably, dietary pattern 2 was associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease, even after adjusting for potential confounders [odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.08-0.79, < 0.05]. A higher incidence of dyslipidemia was significantly correlated with dietary pattern 3 (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.13-4.78, < 0.05).
Our findings demonstrated that adherence to specific dietary patterns can influence the risk of dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease. Higher adherence to dietary pattern 3 was linked to a higher risk of dyslipidemia, while dietary pattern 2 helped reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
慢性病已成为一项重大的公共卫生挑战，影响着中国民众的健康，尽管很少有研究探讨饮食因素对这些疾病的影响。本文旨在调查中国山东省成年居民的饮食模式，并探讨这些饮食模式与常见慢性病之间的关系。
我们使用了2015年至2016年中国山东省人群总膳食研究的数据。经过进一步筛选，本研究共纳入2828名有完整饮食和慢性病患病率信息的成年居民。采用食物频率问卷来确定饮食摄入量。通过因子分析得出饮食模式。采用多变量逻辑回归模型评估饮食模式与常见慢性病风险之间的关联，同时对潜在混杂因素进行校正。
确定了三种饮食模式：饮食模式1（以高摄入谷物和块茎、蔬菜、水果、鸡蛋、肉类、坚果和豆类为特征）；饮食模式2（食用菌类和藻类、豆类、零食、水产品和蔬菜的摄入量高，但鸡蛋摄入量低）；饮食模式3（乳制品、饮料和零食摄入量高）。值得注意的是，即使在对潜在混杂因素进行校正后，饮食模式2与冠心病风险降低相关[比值比（OR）=0.25，95%置信区间（CI）=0.08 - 0.79，P<0.05]。血脂异常的较高发病率与饮食模式3显著相关（OR = 2.33，95%CI = 1.13 - 4.78，P<0.05）。
我们的研究结果表明，坚持特定的饮食模式会影响血脂异常和冠心病的风险。更高程度地坚持饮食模式3与更高的血脂异常风险相关，而饮食模式2有助于降低冠心病风险。
