Blanco Juan C Gómez, Macías-García Antonio, Rodríguez-Rego Jesús M, Mendoza-Cerezo Laura, Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M, Marcos-Romero Alfonso C, Pagador-Carrasco José B
Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Carretera N-521, km41.8, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2024 Jul 29;9(8):460. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9080460.
3D bioprinting is a promising technique for creating artificial tissues and organs. One of the main challenges of bioprinting is cell damage, due to high pressures and tensions. During the biofabrication process, extrusion bioprinting usually results in low cell viability, typically ranging from 40% to 80%, although better printing performance with higher cell viability can be achieved by optimising the experimental design and operating conditions, with nozzle geometry being a key factor. This article presents a review of studies that have used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimise nozzle geometry. They show that the optimal ranges for diameter and length are 0.2 mm to 1 mm and 8 mm to 10 mm, respectively. In addition, it is recommended that the nozzle should have an internal angle of 20 to 30 degrees, an internal coating of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and a shear stress of less than 10 kPa. In addition, a design of experiments technique to obtain an optimal 3D bioprinting configuration for a bioink is also presented. This experimental design would identify bioprinting conditions that minimise cell damage and improve the viability of the printed cells.
3D生物打印是一种用于制造人造组织和器官的很有前景的技术。生物打印的主要挑战之一是由于高压和张力导致的细胞损伤。在生物制造过程中，挤出式生物打印通常会导致细胞活力较低，一般在40%至80%之间，不过通过优化实验设计和操作条件，尤其是喷嘴几何形状这一关键因素，可以实现具有更高细胞活力的更好打印性能。本文综述了利用计算流体动力学（CFD）优化喷嘴几何形状的研究。这些研究表明，直径和长度的最佳范围分别为0.2毫米至1毫米和8毫米至10毫米。此外，建议喷嘴的内角为20至30度，内部涂层为乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA），剪切应力小于10千帕。此外，还介绍了一种实验设计技术，以获得生物墨水的最佳3D生物打印配置。这种实验设计将确定能使细胞损伤最小化并提高打印细胞活力的生物打印条件。
