Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Aug 19;14(8):399. doi: 10.3390/bios14080399.
Pyocyanin is considered a maker of () infection. Pyocyanin is among the toxins released by the bacteria. Therefore, the development of a direct detection of PYO is crucial due to its importance. Among the different optical techniques, the Raman technique showed unique advantages because of its fingerprint data, no sample preparation, and high sensitivity besides its ease of use. Noble metal nanostructures were used to improve the Raman response based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. Anodic metal oxide attracts much interest due to its unique morphology and applications. The porous metal structure provides a large surface area that could be used as a hard template for periodic nanostructure array fabrication. Porous shapes and sizes could be controlled by controlling the anodization parameters, including the anodization voltage, current, temperature, and time, besides the metal purity and the electrolyte type/concentration. The anodization of aluminum foil results in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) formation with different roughness. Here, we will use the roughness as hotspot centers to enhance the Raman signals. Firstly, a thin film of gold was deposited to develop gold/alumina (Au/AAO) platforms and then applied as SERS-active surfaces. The morphology and roughness of the developed substrates were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The Au/AAO substrates were used for monitoring pyocyanin secreted from microorganisms based on the SERS technique. The results showed that the roughness degree affects the enhancement efficiency of this sensor. The high enhancement was obtained in the case of depositing a 30 nm layer of gold onto the second anodized substrates. The developed sensor showed high sensitivity toward pyocyanin with a limit of detection of 96 nM with a linear response over a dynamic range from 1 µM to 9 µM.
绿脓菌素被认为是（）感染的制造者。绿脓菌素是细菌释放的毒素之一。因此，由于其重要性，开发直接检测 PYO 至关重要。在不同的光学技术中，由于其指纹数据、无需样品制备和高灵敏度以及易于使用，拉曼技术显示出独特的优势。贵金属纳米结构被用于提高基于表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）技术的拉曼响应。由于其独特的形态和应用，阳极金属氧化物引起了很大的兴趣。多孔金属结构提供了一个大的表面积，可以用作周期性纳米结构阵列制造的硬模板。通过控制阳极氧化参数，包括阳极氧化电压、电流、温度和时间，以及金属纯度和电解质类型/浓度，可以控制多孔的形状和尺寸。铝箔的阳极氧化导致形成具有不同粗糙度的阳极氧化铝（AAO）。在这里，我们将利用粗糙度作为热点中心来增强拉曼信号。首先，沉积了一层薄薄的金来制备金/氧化铝（Au/AAO）平台，然后将其用作 SERS 活性表面。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）技术研究了所开发基底的形貌和粗糙度。基于 SERS 技术，使用 Au/AAO 基底监测微生物分泌的绿脓菌素。结果表明，粗糙度会影响传感器的增强效率。在将 30nm 厚的金层沉积到第二阳极氧化基底上的情况下，获得了高增强效果。所开发的传感器对绿脓菌素表现出高灵敏度，检测限为 96nM，在 1µM 至 9µM 的动态范围内呈线性响应。
