de Oliveira Luciane Dias, Ribeiro Ana Luisa Monteiro, Dias Sthéfani de Oliveira, da Cruz Geovani Moreira, de Menezes Raquel Teles, de Carvalho Lara Steffany, Diamantino Mariana Gadelho Gimenez, Pereira Thaís Cristine, Marcucci Maria Cristina, Abu Hasna Amjad
Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Campus of São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil.
Campus São José dos Campos, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, Highway Presidente Dutra, km 157.5, South Lane, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12240-420, Brazil.
Methods Protoc. 2024 Aug 4;7(4):60. doi: 10.3390/mps7040060.
and are opportunistic pathogens, and both are involved in different oral infections. This work aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition of hydroethanolic extract and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antibiofilm action against (ATCC 6538) and (ATCC 19606; multi-resistant clinical strains 58004, 50098, 566006, and H557). hydroethanolic extract was prepared, and the content of soluble solids, flavonoids, and phenols was quantified. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed later. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, standard M7-A6, and subsequently, its minimum bactericidal concentration was determined. Then, the most effective concentrations were analyzed against biofilms. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA method with Tukey's test. The soluble solids content in the prepared hydroethanolic extract of was 2.22%. Additionally, the total flavonoid content, measured using the quercetin standard curve, was 0.040 mg/mL. Furthermore, the total phenol content, determined using the gallic acid standard curve, was 0.729 mg/mL. HPLC analysis presented peaks of gallic acid (11.80 m), p-coumaric acid (12.09 m), cinnamic acid derivative (19.02 m), and ellagic acid (29.83 m). The extract demonstrated antimicrobial and antibiofilm action against all tested strains. However, the most effective antibacterial concentration against all the tested bacteria was 5.55 mg/mL. Therefore, these chemical components justify that hydroethanolic extract is effective in reducing biofilm formation in (standard strain) and (standard and clinical strains).
[具体菌名1]和[具体菌名2]是机会致病菌，二者都与不同的口腔感染有关。本研究旨在分析[具体植物名称]水乙醇提取物的植物化学成分，并评估其对[具体菌名3]（ATCC 6538）和[具体菌名4]（ATCC 19606；多重耐药临床菌株58004、50098、566006和H557）的抗菌和抗生物膜作用。制备了[具体植物名称]水乙醇提取物，并对其可溶性固体、黄酮类化合物和酚类的含量进行了定量分析。随后进行了高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析。根据临床和实验室标准协会标准M7 - A6，采用肉汤微量稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度，随后测定其最低杀菌浓度。然后，分析针对生物膜的最有效浓度。使用方差分析方法和Tukey检验进行统计分析。制备的[具体植物名称]水乙醇提取物中可溶性固体含量为2.22%。此外，使用槲皮素标准曲线测得总黄酮含量为0.040 mg/mL。此外，使用没食子酸标准曲线测定的总酚含量为0.729 mg/mL。HPLC分析显示出没食子酸（11.80分钟）、对香豆酸（12.09分钟）、肉桂酸衍生物（19.02分钟）和鞣花酸（29.83分钟）的峰。该提取物对所有测试菌株均表现出抗菌和抗生物膜作用。然而，对所有测试细菌的最有效抗菌浓度为5.55 mg/mL。因此，这些化学成分证明[具体植物名称]水乙醇提取物在减少[具体菌名3]（标准菌株）和[具体菌名4]（标准和临床菌株）中生物膜形成方面是有效的。
