Kellis Eleftherios, Kekelekis Afxentios, Drakonaki Eleni E
Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110 Serres, Greece.
Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion Crete, Greece.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Jul 23;12(8):199. doi: 10.3390/sports12080199.
Soccer teams integrate specific exercises into their typical workout programs for injury prevention. This study examined the effects of hamstring exercise on paraspinal and hamstring stiffness. These findings can inform training and rehabilitation programs to improve muscle health and prevent injuries. Fifteen young, healthy males performed passive and active (submaximal) knee flexion efforts from 0°, 45°, to 90° angle of knee flexion from the prone position. Using shear-wave elastography (SWE) and surface electromyography, we measured the elastic modulus and root mean square (RMS) signal of the erector spinae (ES), multifidus (MF), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) during different knee flexion angles. Passive SWE modulus at 0° was 12.44 ± 4.45 kPa (ES), 13.35 ± 6.12 kPa (MF), 22.01 ± 4.68 kPa (ST), and 21.57 ± 5.22 kPa (SM) and it was greater ( < 0.05) compared to 45° and 90°. The corresponding values during knee flexion contractions at 0° increased to 18.99 ± 6.11 kPa (ES), 20.65 ± 11.31 kPa (MF), 71.21 ± 13.88 kPa (ST), and 70.20 ± 14.29 kPa (SM) and did not differ between angles ( > 0.05). Compared to rest, the relative increase in the SWE modulus during active contraction had a median value (interquartile range) ranging from 68.11 (86.29) to 101.69 (54.33)% for the paraspinal muscles and it was moderately to strongly correlated (r > 0.672) with the corresponding increase of the hamstring muscles [ranging from 225.94 (114.72) to 463.16 (185.16)%]. The RMS signal was greater during active compared to passive conditions, and it was lower at 90° compared to 45° (for SM/ST) and 0° (for all muscles). The association between paraspinal and hamstring passive muscle stiffness indicates a potential transmission of forces through myofascial connections between the lumbar spine and the lower limbs. In this laboratory setting, hamstring exercises affected the stiffness of the paraspinal muscles.
足球队将特定训练融入其常规训练计划以预防损伤。本研究考察了腘绳肌训练对脊柱旁肌肉和腘绳肌僵硬度的影响。这些研究结果可为改善肌肉健康和预防损伤的训练及康复计划提供参考。15名年轻健康男性从俯卧位进行0°、45°和90°膝关节屈曲的被动和主动（次最大强度）膝关节屈曲动作。使用剪切波弹性成像（SWE）和表面肌电图，我们测量了不同膝关节屈曲角度下竖脊肌（ES）、多裂肌（MF）、半腱肌（ST）和半膜肌（SM）的弹性模量和均方根（RMS）信号。0°时被动SWE模量在ES为12.44±4.45kPa，MF为13.35±6.12kPa，ST为22.01±4.68kPa，SM为21.57±5.22kPa，与45°和90°相比更大（P<0.05）。膝关节屈曲收缩时0°的相应值在ES增加到18.99±6.11kPa，MF增加到20.65±11.31kPa，ST增加到71.21±13.88kPa，SM增加到70.20±14.29kPa，各角度间无差异（P>0.05）。与静息状态相比，主动收缩期间SWE模量的相对增加在脊柱旁肌肉中的中位数（四分位间距）范围为68.11（86.29）%至101.69（54.33）%，且与腘绳肌相应增加呈中度至强相关（r>0.672）[范围为225.9（114.72）%至463.16（185.16）%]。主动状态下的RMS信号高于被动状态，且90°时低于45°（对于SM/ST）和0°（对于所有肌肉）。脊柱旁肌肉和腘绳肌被动肌肉僵硬度之间的关联表明力可能通过腰椎和下肢之间的肌筋膜连接进行传递。在本实验室环境中，腘绳肌训练影响了脊柱旁肌肉的僵硬度。
