Flawless Motion Ltd, Auckland,New Zealand.
Department of Physiotherapy, Otago University, New Zealand.
J Sport Rehabil. 2023 Jun 7;32(7):764-772. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0444. Print 2023 Sep 1.
Long-lever shoulder strength tests may aid clinical decision-making regarding return to sport after a shoulder injury. The Athletic Shoulder Test (AST) was developed to measure force production in 3 positions of shoulder abduction (90°, 135°, and 180°) using force plates. However, handheld dynamometers (HHDs) are more portable, affordable, and may provide valid and reliable results which would increase the clinical utility of long-lever tests. HHDs vary in shape, design, and their capacity to report parameters such as rate of force production and require further investigation. The aim of this study was to examine the intrarater reliability of the Kinvent HHD and assess its validity against Kinvent force plates in the AST. Peak force (in kilograms), torque (in Newton meters), and normalized torque (in Newton meters per kilogram) were reported.
Validity and reliability study.
Twenty-seven participants with no history of upper limb injury performed the test in a randomized order using the Kinvent HHD and force plates. Each condition was assessed 3 times, and peak force was recorded. Arm length was measured to calculate peak torque. Normalized peak torque was calculated by dividing torque by bodyweight (in kilograms).
The Kinvent HHD is reliable when measuring force (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ .80), torque (ICC ≥ .84), and normalized torque (ICC ≥ .64) during the AST. The Kinvent HHD is also valid when compared with the Kinvent force plates for force (ICC ≥ .79; r ≥ .82), torque (ICC ≥ .82; r ≥ .76), and normalized torque (ICC ≥ .71; r ≥ .61). There were no statistically significant differences across the 3 trials on analyses of variance (P > .05).
The Kinvent HHD is a reliable tool when used to measure force, torque, and normalized torque in the AST. Furthermore, given the lack of significant difference between trials, clinicians can use one test to accurately report relative peak force/torque/normalized torque rather than average 3 separate trials. Finally, the Kinvent HHD is valid when compared with Kinvent force plates.
长杠杆肩力测试可能有助于临床决策，决定肩部受伤后重返运动。运动肩测试（AST）是为了使用测力板测量 3 个肩外展位置（90°、135°和 180°）的力产生而开发的。然而，手持测力计（HHD）更便携、更经济实惠，并且可以提供有效的、可靠的结果，从而增加长杠杆测试的临床实用性。HHD 在形状、设计和报告力产生率等参数的能力方面有所不同，需要进一步研究。本研究的目的是检查 Kinvent HHD 的内部可靠性，并评估其在 AST 中与 Kinvent 测力板的有效性。报告了峰值力（千克）、扭矩（牛顿米）和归一化扭矩（牛顿米/千克）。
有效性和可靠性研究。
27 名无上肢损伤史的参与者以随机顺序使用 Kinvent HHD 和测力板进行测试。每种情况评估 3 次，记录峰值力。测量臂长以计算峰值扭矩。通过将扭矩除以体重（千克）来计算归一化峰值扭矩。
当在 AST 中测量力（组内相关系数 [ICC]≥.80）、扭矩（ICC≥.84）和归一化扭矩（ICC≥.64）时，Kinvent HHD 是可靠的。与 Kinvent 测力板相比，Kinvent HHD 用于力（ICC≥.79；r≥.82）、扭矩（ICC≥.82；r≥.76）和归一化扭矩（ICC≥.71；r≥.61）也是有效的。方差分析无统计学差异（P>.05）。
当用于测量 AST 中的力、扭矩和归一化扭矩时，Kinvent HHD 是一种可靠的工具。此外，由于试验之间没有显著差异，临床医生可以使用一次测试准确报告相对峰值力/扭矩/归一化扭矩，而不是平均 3 次单独试验。最后，Kinvent HHD 与 Kinvent 测力板具有有效性。
