Department of Sport and Informatics, Section of Physical Education and Sport, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain.
Performance and Health Department, Basel, Switzerland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 Apr;31(4):861-874. doi: 10.1111/sms.13913. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
The aim was to investigate the preventive effect of a complex training program based on holistic hamstring health understanding in elite professional soccer players. This study involved an elite club in Europe and was conducted over 12 seasons. The last 2 seasons were the intervention period, and the others were the control seasons. During the intervention period, players performed a complex program organized into different interventions throughout the week having as a priority the player health. Hamstring injuries, absenteeism, injury rates, and injury burden between the control and intervention seasons were compared using a rate ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Players had a mean exposure of 333.5 ± 18.6 hours per season with no significant differences between the intervention and control seasons. The overall injury rate was 3 times lower during the two intervention seasons than during the previous seasons (P < .01); the match injury rate was 2.7 times lower (P < .01) and the training rate 4.3 times (P < .01). Injury burden was almost 4 times lower during the two intervention seasons than during the previous seasons (P < .01), and recurrences in the control group were 10% vs 0% in the intervention group. Hamstring injuries were reduced ~3 times during the seasons in which elite football players were exposed to multicomponent, complex prevention training with individual approaches based on player needs, management of training load, individualized physiotherapy treatment, and planned staff communication, in comparison to the control seasons without a clearly defined and structured injury prevention intervention.
目的是研究基于整体腘绳肌健康理解的综合训练计划对精英职业足球运动员的预防效果。本研究涉及欧洲的一家精英俱乐部，历时 12 个赛季。最后两个赛季为干预期，其他为对照组。在干预期间，球员们按照每周不同的干预方式完成一个综合训练计划，将球员健康放在首位。使用率比值（RR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）比较对照组和干预组的腘绳肌损伤、缺勤、损伤率和损伤负担。球员平均每个赛季的暴露时间为 333.5±18.6 小时，干预组和对照组之间没有显著差异。与前几个赛季相比，两个干预赛季的整体损伤率降低了 3 倍（P<.01）；比赛损伤率降低了 2.7 倍（P<.01），训练损伤率降低了 4.3 倍（P<.01）。两个干预赛季的损伤负担比前几个赛季降低了近 4 倍（P<.01），对照组的复发率为 10%，而干预组为 0%。与对照组相比，在精英足球运动员接受基于球员需求、训练负荷管理、个体化物理治疗和计划工作人员沟通的多组分、复杂预防训练的赛季中，腘绳肌损伤减少了约 3 倍。
