Yang Deai, Li Mingjun, Geng Xingyi, Feng Zhihui
Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.
Toxics. 2024 Aug 10;12(8):581. doi: 10.3390/toxics12080581.
The continuous monitoring of PM (including 12 metal elements) was conducted in Jinan, a city with poor air quality in China, during the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify emission sources of PM-bound metals, and the health risks of the metals and their emission sources were assessed. During the study period, the concentration of most metals showed a decreasing trend (except Al and Be), and a significant seasonal difference was found: winter > fall > spring > summer. The PMF analysis showed that there were four main sources of PM-bound metals, and their contributions to the total metals (TMs) were dust emissions (54.3%), coal combustion and industrial emissions (22.3%), vehicle emissions (19.3%), and domestic emissions (4.1%). The results of the health risk assessment indicated that the carcinogenic risk of metals (Cr and As) exceeded the acceptable level (1 × 10), which was of concern. Under the influence of emission reduction measures, the contribution of emission sources to health risks changes dynamically, and the emission sources that contribute more to health risks were coal combustion and industrial emissions, as well as vehicle emissions. In addition, our findings suggest that a series of emission reduction measures effectively reduced the health risk from emission sources of PM-bound metals.
在“十三五”期间（2016 - 2020年），对中国空气质量较差的城市济南的颗粒物（包括12种金属元素）进行了连续监测。采用正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）识别颗粒物结合态金属的排放源，并评估了这些金属及其排放源的健康风险。在研究期间，大多数金属的浓度呈下降趋势（铝和铍除外），且存在显著的季节差异：冬季＞秋季＞春季＞夏季。PMF分析表明，颗粒物结合态金属有四个主要来源，它们对总金属（TMs）的贡献率分别为扬尘排放（54.3%）、煤炭燃烧和工业排放（22.3%）、机动车排放（19.3%）和生活源排放（4.1%）。健康风险评估结果表明，金属（铬和砷）的致癌风险超过了可接受水平（1×10），令人担忧。在减排措施的影响下，排放源对健康风险的贡献动态变化，对健康风险贡献较大的排放源是煤炭燃烧和工业排放以及机动车排放。此外，我们的研究结果表明，一系列减排措施有效降低了颗粒物结合态金属排放源带来的健康风险。
