Acoustics Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1010, Austria.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2024 Aug 1;156(2):1391-1412. doi: 10.1121/10.0028193.
Period-doubled phonation, henceforth, period doubling, characterized by voicing periods that alternate in amplitudes and/or frequencies, is often perceived rough and with an indeterminate pitch. Lower pitch percept has been suggested by past studies when the degree of amplitude or frequency modulation increases. However, how listeners use period doubling when identifying linguistic tones remains unclear. The current study uses tasks of categorization with training, followed by imitation of tones manipulated with period doubling (with amplitude and frequency modulation, both separately and jointly) in a novel language. Native Mandarin and English speakers with different levels of music experience were tested. I show that period doubling leads to a low-tone bias in perception and imitation, especially as the modulation degree, particularly that of frequency, increases. Interestingly, interactions with stimulus f0 and modulation type show that in amplitude-modulated tokens, when compared to lower f0 (200 Hz), higher f0 (300 Hz) drives more low-tone responses. Period doubling is also imitated with lowered f0 and creaky quality. Language and music experience does not affect perceptual and imitative responses, suggesting that the perception of period doubling is not language-specific or conditioned by tonal knowledge. Period doubling likely signals low tones, even when the original f0 is high.
倍音发声，此后称为倍周期，其特点是发声周期的幅度和/或频率交替变化，通常被感知为粗糙且音高不确定。过去的研究表明，当幅度或频率调制的程度增加时，会产生较低的音高感知。然而，当识别语言音高时，听众如何使用倍周期仍然不清楚。本研究使用了带有训练的分类任务，然后模仿用倍周期（幅度和频率调制，单独和联合）操纵的音，这是一种新的语言。具有不同音乐经验水平的母语为普通话和英语的使用者接受了测试。我表明，倍周期导致感知和模仿中的低调偏见，特别是当调制程度，特别是频率调制程度增加时。有趣的是，与刺激 f0 和调制类型的相互作用表明，在幅度调制的音位中，与较低的 f0（200 Hz）相比，较高的 f0（300 Hz）会引起更多的低调响应。倍周期也用较低的 f0 和沙哑的质量来模仿。语言和音乐经验并不影响感知和模仿反应，这表明对倍周期的感知不是特定于语言的，也不受音高知识的影响。即使原始 f0 较高，倍周期也可能发出低调。
