Corwin S, Reiffel J A
Arch Intern Med. 1985 Mar;145(3):538-43. doi: 10.1001/archinte.145.3.538.
Nitrates are presently used in the therapy for angina pectoris. They have both direct coronary vascular and indirect systemic effects; each appears to contribute to their anti-anginal efficacy. The various nitrate preparations, including the newer preparations recently made clinically available, have varying utilities in the relief of acute ischemic pain or for anginal prophylaxis. Nitrate tolerance and dependence are proved phenomena, yet their impact on the clinical usage of nitrates is not clearly defined. The utility of nitrates, including intravenous nitroglycerin, in the treatment of unstable angina and vasospastic angina is well documented. Their efficacy compared with that of calcium channel blockers is still being investigated. The reported adverse effects of nitrates are few, despite their many years of usage in clinical medicine.
硝酸盐目前用于心绞痛的治疗。它们具有直接的冠状动脉血管作用和间接的全身作用；每种作用似乎都有助于其抗心绞痛疗效。各种硝酸盐制剂，包括最近临床可用的新型制剂，在缓解急性缺血性疼痛或心绞痛预防方面具有不同的效用。硝酸盐耐受性和依赖性已得到证实，但其对硝酸盐临床应用的影响尚未明确界定。硝酸盐，包括静脉注射硝酸甘油，在治疗不稳定型心绞痛和血管痉挛性心绞痛方面的效用已有充分记录。它们与钙通道阻滞剂相比的疗效仍在研究中。尽管硝酸盐在临床医学中已使用多年，但其报告的不良反应却很少。
