Chen Jo-Hsun, Raman Veksina, Kuehne Sarah A, Camilleri Josette, Hirschfeld Josefine
School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
J Endod. 2024 Nov;50(11):1612-1621. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.015. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
The management of apical periodontitis involves the elimination of bacteria to achieve healing of the periapical tissues. To this end, understanding of the antimicrobial properties and cytotoxicity of root canal sealers over time is important. This study aimed to assess the cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity of leachates obtained from selected endodontic sealers.
Four sealers were used in this study; AH Plus, an epoxy resin-based sealer, and three hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers: AH Plus Bioceramic, BioRoot RCS, and BioRoot Flow. Sealer chemistry was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum analysis. Leachates of the tested sealers were prepared by immersing sealer discs in Hank's balanced salt solution for 28 and 90 days. Element release was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were exposed to the leachates followed by colony-forming unit determination, and the human osteoblast-like cell line Saos-2 was assessed with regard to cell death, caspase expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after stimulation with the leachates.
Calcium leaching was detected in the tricalcium silicate-based sealers, which increased the leachate pH significantly (P < .0001). AH Plus Bioceramic leachate displayed antimicrobial activity at 28 days against E. faecalis (P < .01). ALP levels were reduced in response to AH Plus Bioceramic and BioRoot RCS 1-day leachates (P < .05). High cell viability was observed after exposure to all sealers.
The leachates of the tested sealers were cytocompatible; however, their antimicrobial activity as well as their potential to induce the bone formation marker ALP was minimal.
根尖周炎的治疗需要清除细菌以实现根尖周组织的愈合。为此，了解根管封闭剂随时间变化的抗菌特性和细胞毒性非常重要。本研究旨在评估从选定的牙髓封闭剂中获得的浸出液的细胞相容性和抗菌活性。
本研究使用了四种封闭剂；AH Plus，一种基于环氧树脂的封闭剂，以及三种基于水硬性硅酸钙的封闭剂：AH Plus生物陶瓷封闭剂、BioRoot RCS和BioRoot Flow。通过扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱分析评估封闭剂的化学成分。将封闭剂圆盘浸泡在汉克平衡盐溶液中28天和90天，制备测试封闭剂的浸出液。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法评估元素释放。将粪肠球菌和具核梭杆菌暴露于浸出液中，然后进行菌落形成单位测定，并在用浸出液刺激后，评估人成骨样细胞系Saos-2的细胞死亡、半胱天冬酶表达和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性。
在基于硅酸三钙的封闭剂中检测到钙浸出，这显著提高了浸出液的pH值（P <.0001）。AH Plus生物陶瓷封闭剂浸出液在28天时对粪肠球菌显示出抗菌活性（P <.01）。AH Plus生物陶瓷封闭剂和BioRoot RCS 1天浸出液使ALP水平降低（P <.05）。暴露于所有封闭剂后均观察到高细胞活力。
测试封闭剂的浸出液具有细胞相容性；然而，它们的抗菌活性以及诱导骨形成标志物ALP的潜力很小。
