National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
Center for Dietary Supplements Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2024 Oct;135(4):409-416. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.14075. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
Phenibut is a gamma aminobutyric acid derivative with activity at γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and β-phenethylamine receptors. It was developed as a drug in the former Soviet Union to overcome anxiety and improve cognitive function in military personnel. In the last decade, it has made inroads into the European and U.S. markets, being marketed for purported nootropic properties. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on phenibut, its toxicology, pharmacology, adverse health effects, and patterns of use. Publications in peer-reviewed journals were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Available literature points to adverse side effects associated with intoxication, withdrawal, and addiction to phenibut. Some of these effects can be life-threatening, requiring hospitalization and therapeutic interventions. Supportive efforts are often complicated by a lack of knowledge regarding phenibut's toxicology and pharmacology. Ingestion of phenibut was often associated with concomitant use of other substances of abuse. As control over its online marketing seems unrealistic, current efforts need to be focused on the addition of phenibut to current drug screening tests and the development of generally accepted treatment strategies for phenibut-associated toxicities.
苯海索是一种γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）衍生物，具有γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和β-苯乙胺受体的活性。它在前苏联被开发为一种药物，用于克服焦虑和提高军人的认知功能。在过去的十年中，它已进入欧洲和美国市场，因其所谓的益智特性而被推向市场。在这里，我们总结了苯海索的当前知识，包括其毒理学、药理学、不良健康影响和使用模式。在 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 数据库中搜索了同行评议期刊上的出版物。现有文献指出，苯海索中毒、戒断和成瘾与不良副作用有关。其中一些影响可能危及生命，需要住院治疗和治疗干预。由于缺乏关于苯海索毒理学和药理学的知识，支持性工作往往很复杂。苯海索的摄入通常与其他滥用物质的同时使用有关。由于对其在线营销的控制似乎不切实际，目前的努力需要集中在将苯海索添加到当前的药物筛选测试中，并制定普遍接受的苯海索相关毒性的治疗策略上。
