Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá-UEM, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil.
Secretary Health Curitiba, Curitiba 80060-240, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jul 31;21(8):1006. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21081006.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. If diagnosed and treated early, it has a high chance of cure, and for this, screening tests are necessary, namely mammograms, which are the most commonly used. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between the number of screening and diagnostic mammograms and the number of hospitalizations and deaths from breast cancer.
This is a cross-sectional, analytical, retrospective study with secondary data made available by the Ministry of Health. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to assess whether the number of mammograms is associated with the number of deaths and hospitalizations, Poisson regression was used to assess whether an increase in the number of mammograms and hospitalizations is related to the number of deaths, and the Cox-Stuart test was used to analyze the temporal trend of the variables under study and the projection of time series.
There was a strong positive correlation for all age groups when relating the variables hospitalizations and deaths, a moderate-to-strong correlation for the variables mammography and hospitalization, and a weak correlation for the variables mammography and death. There was no statistical significance in the relationship between the number of mammograms and deaths, whereas the hospitalization variable had a significant impact in relation to death, increasing the chance by 0.015%. There has also been a significant growth trend in the variables deaths and hospitalizations in Brazil over the years.
A growing trend was identified from 2013 to 2021, both in hospitalizations and deaths, thus suggesting that strategies aimed at reformulating public health policies are necessary for earlier diagnosis in order to improve the treatment of breast cancer and the prognosis of the disease.
乳腺癌是全球最常见的癌症类型。如果早期诊断和治疗，其治愈的可能性很高，为此，有必要进行筛查试验，即乳房 X 光检查，这是最常用的方法。本研究的目的是分析筛查和诊断性乳房 X 光检查的次数与乳腺癌住院和死亡人数之间的关系。
这是一项横断面、分析性、回顾性研究，使用卫生部提供的二级数据。采用皮尔逊相关分析评估乳房 X 光检查次数与死亡和住院人数之间是否存在关联，采用泊松回归评估乳房 X 光检查次数和住院次数的增加是否与死亡人数相关，采用考克斯-斯图尔特检验分析研究变量的时间趋势和时间序列预测。
在所有年龄组中，住院和死亡变量之间存在强烈的正相关，乳房 X 光和住院变量之间存在中度至强相关，而乳房 X 光和死亡变量之间存在弱相关。乳房 X 光检查次数与死亡之间没有统计学意义的关系，而住院变量与死亡之间有显著影响，使死亡机会增加 0.015%。多年来，巴西的死亡和住院变量也呈现出显著的增长趋势。
从 2013 年到 2021 年，住院和死亡人数都呈现出增长趋势，这表明需要制定公共卫生政策改革策略，以便更早地诊断，从而改善乳腺癌的治疗和疾病预后。
