Department of Public Health, Master in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Department of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 26;18(10):e0278011. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278011. eCollection 2023.
In Brazil, during the pandemic caused by COVID-19, screening for breast and cervical cancers was postponed or interrupted due to the prevailing health conditions. These neoplasms, however, are responsible for high morbidity and mortality among women in Brazil and have a major impact on the quality of life of this population and public health. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the epidemiological behavior of hospitalization for cervical and breast cancer in Brazilian women, as well as the trend of screening tests of breast and cervical cancer in the years 2010 to 2022 according to the regions of Brazil. This is ecological research of time series, based on secondary data obtained from information systems of the country, about hospital admissions for breast and cervical cancer and screening methods used for these tumors. The data were analyzed in the Joinpoint Regression Program, to obtain the linear regression and temporal analysis of the variables. As a result, between 2010 and 2022, the rates of mammography varied from 36 to 71 exams, while in the pap smear, the variations were 126 and 226 cytopathological exams per 1000 women. Hospitalizations for these cancers peaked in 2019, with 48 hospitalizations for cervical cancer per 100,000 women and 147 hospitalizations for breast cancer for the same population. For both, in the pandemic years, between 2020 and 2022, there is a decrease in Brazil and in all its regions. As for the tracking of these diseases, it was observed that the performance of mammograms and preventive tests showed a similar behavior, in which there is a higher supply of these tests until 2019 and a drop during the pandemic period. This leads to the conclusion that even though Brazil has several policies for the screening of these diseases, there is still instability in the offering of these tests and that there was instability in this area during the pandemic.
在巴西，由于 COVID-19 大流行，乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查因当时的卫生状况而被推迟或中断。然而，这些肿瘤在巴西女性中导致了高发病率和死亡率，对该人群的生活质量和公共卫生产生了重大影响。因此，本研究旨在评估巴西女性因宫颈癌和乳腺癌住院的流行病学行为，以及 2010 年至 2022 年期间根据巴西各地区进行的乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查检测趋势。这是一项基于从该国信息系统获得的二手数据的时间序列的生态研究，涉及乳腺癌和宫颈癌住院和用于这些肿瘤的筛查方法。使用 Joinpoint Regression Program 分析数据，以获得变量的线性回归和时间分析。结果显示，2010 年至 2022 年间，乳房 X 光检查率从 36 次至 71 次检查不等，而巴氏涂片检查率则为每 1000 名妇女有 126 次和 226 次细胞病理学检查。这些癌症的住院率在 2019 年达到高峰，每 10 万名妇女中有 48 例宫颈癌住院，同一年龄段有 147 例乳腺癌住院。对于这两种疾病，在大流行期间，即 2020 年至 2022 年，巴西及其所有地区的住院率都有所下降。至于这些疾病的跟踪情况，观察到乳房 X 光检查和预防性检查的表现行为相似，即在 2019 年之前，这些检查的供应较多，而在大流行期间则有所下降。这得出的结论是，尽管巴西有多项针对这些疾病的筛查政策，但这些检测的提供仍不稳定，而且在大流行期间这方面也不稳定。
