Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Aug 1;21(8):1012. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21081012.
Community resilience results from complex interactions between people, places, and environments. Measuring community resilience aligns with policy objectives to enhance resilience to adverse events and address spatial disparities. The Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) is a composite index used to measure resilience. This study adapts the BRIC approach to develop a Community Resilience Index (CRI) for England. A systematic review informed indicator selection, and principal components analysis was used to define sub-indices and allocate weightings. The resulting CRI comprised 44 indicators across five domains, quantifying the resilience of English local authorities. Geographical comparisons were made using -tests and ANOVA, and the CRI was validated against the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). The mean CRI score for local authorities in England was 83.1, ranging from 53.3 to 108.9. Resilience scores showed spatial patterning, with London and the South East scoring highest. The North had lower CRI scores than the Midlands and South ( = 0.022). Coastal and rural areas also showed lower resilience ( < 0.001). CRI and IMD were inversely correlated (r = -0.564, < 0.0001). This study contributes to the literature by providing the first detailed assessment of community resilience in England using an adapted BRIC framework. The CRI provides a framework for measuring community resilience in England and could be used to explore associations with health outcomes and guide funding allocation.
社区韧性源自于人与地之间的复杂互动。衡量社区韧性符合强化韧性以应对负面事件和解决空间差异的政策目标。社区韧性基准指标（BRIC）是一种用于衡量韧性的综合指数。本研究采用 BRIC 方法开发了英格兰社区韧性指数（CRI）。系统评价为指标选择提供了信息，主成分分析用于定义子指数并分配权重。由此产生的 CRI 由 5 个领域的 44 个指标组成，量化了英格兰地方当局的韧性。使用 -检验和 ANOVA 进行了地理比较，并将 CRI 与多重剥夺指数（IMD）进行了验证。英格兰地方当局的平均 CRI 得分为 83.1，范围为 53.3 至 108.9。韧性得分显示出空间模式，伦敦和东南部得分最高。北部的 CRI 得分低于中部和南部（ = 0.022）。沿海和农村地区的韧性也较低（ < 0.001）。CRI 和 IMD 呈负相关（r = -0.564， < 0.0001）。本研究通过使用适应性 BRIC 框架对英格兰社区韧性进行首次详细评估，为文献做出了贡献。CRI 为衡量英格兰社区韧性提供了框架，并可用于探索与健康结果的关联，并指导资金分配。
