Luca Magda Mihaela, Buzatu Roxana, Bumbu Bogdan Andrei
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Department of Dental Aesthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Revolutiei Boulevard 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
J Clin Med. 2024 Aug 14;13(16):4775. doi: 10.3390/jcm13164775.
: Recent studies suggest a potential role for vitamin A supplementation in improving periodontal health, though evidence remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the protective role of vitamin A supplementation on periodontal health, focusing on outcomes such as gingival inflammation, pocket depth reduction, and alveolar bone preservation. : A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up until May 2024, adhering to strict inclusion criteria that required studies to involve human participants diagnosed with periodontal diseases and to assess the impact of vitamin A through dietary intake or supplementation. This review excluded studies not explicitly focused on vitamin A and those lacking clear, quantifiable outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for randomized controlled trials. Meta-analysis was performed to synthesize data and quantify the effectiveness of vitamin A on periodontal health outcomes. : A total of six studies were included in the final analysis with a total of 50,722 participants. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-1.00) for the association between vitamin A supplementation and periodontal health, indicating a slight protective effect. Notably, two high-quality studies reported ORs of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-1.00) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.69-1.00), respectively, suggesting a potential reduction in periodontal disease risk with sufficient vitamin A levels. However, high heterogeneity (I = 86.93%) across studies indicates variability in outcomes, possibly influenced by demographic and lifestyle factors. : Vitamin A supplementation may offer a marginal protective effect against periodontal disease, although results vary significantly across different populations and study designs. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships and to explore the mechanisms through which vitamin A influences periodontal health, considering the high degree of observed heterogeneity.
近期研究表明，补充维生素A在改善牙周健康方面可能发挥作用，不过证据仍不确凿。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估补充维生素A对牙周健康的保护作用，重点关注牙龈炎症、牙周袋深度降低和牙槽骨保存等结果。
截至2024年5月，在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science中进行了文献检索，遵循严格的纳入标准，要求研究涉及被诊断患有牙周疾病的人类参与者，并通过饮食摄入或补充来评估维生素A的影响。本评价排除了未明确关注维生素A的研究以及缺乏清晰、可量化结果的研究。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估观察性研究的偏倚风险，使用Cochrane协作网的工具评估随机对照试验的偏倚风险。进行荟萃分析以综合数据并量化维生素A对牙周健康结果的有效性。
最终分析共纳入六项研究，参与者总数为50722人。荟萃分析显示，补充维生素A与牙周健康之间关联的合并比值比（OR）为0.97（95%置信区间：0.94-1.00），表明有轻微的保护作用。值得注意的是，两项高质量研究分别报告的OR为0.92（95%置信区间：0.85-1.00）和0.83（95%置信区间：0.69-1.00），表明维生素A水平充足可能会降低牙周疾病风险。然而，研究之间的高度异质性（I² = 86.93%）表明结果存在差异，可能受到人口统计学和生活方式因素的影响。
补充维生素A可能对牙周疾病有一定的保护作用，尽管不同人群和研究设计的结果差异很大。鉴于观察到的高度异质性，需要进一步研究来阐明这些关系，并探索维生素A影响牙周健康的机制。
