Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 5;24(7):6774. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076774.
Periodontitis is a common disorder affecting the bone and soft tissues of the periodontal complex. When untreated, it may lead to severe mobility or even loss of teeth. The pathogenesis of periodontitis is complex, with crucial factors being chronic inflammation in gingival and periodontal tissues and oral microbiome alterations. However, recent studies highlight the alleged role of vitamins, such as vitamin C (VitC) and vitamin D (VitD), in the development of the disease. VitC regulates numerous biochemical reactions, but foremost, it is involved in synthesizing collagen. It was reported that VitC deficiency could lead to damage to the periodontal ligaments. VitC supplementation improves postoperative outcomes in patients with periodontitis. VitD is a steroid derivative that can be produced in the skin under ultraviolet radiation and later transformed into an active form in other tissues, such as the kidneys. VitD was established to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in gingiva and regulate the proper mineral density of teeth. Moreover, the supplementation of VitD was associated with better results in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the role of vitamins C and D in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis.
牙周炎是一种常见的影响牙周复合体骨和软组织的疾病。如果不治疗，可能会导致牙齿严重松动甚至脱落。牙周炎的发病机制复杂，关键因素是牙龈和牙周组织的慢性炎症以及口腔微生物组的改变。然而，最近的研究强调了维生素（如维生素 C [VitC] 和维生素 D [VitD]）在疾病发展中的作用。VitC 调节许多生化反应，但首先，它参与合成胶原蛋白。有报道称，VitC 缺乏可导致牙周韧带损伤。牙周炎患者术后补充 VitC 可改善预后。VitD 是一种甾体衍生物，可在皮肤受到紫外线辐射下产生，然后在肾脏等其他组织中转化为活性形式。VitD 被证实可降低牙龈中促炎细胞因子的表达，并调节牙齿的适当矿化密度。此外，补充 VitD 与牙周炎非手术治疗的更好结果相关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近关于维生素 C 和 D 在牙周炎发病机制和治疗中的作用的知识。
