Antoranz Yoel, Sáez de Villarreal Eduardo, Del Campo Vecino Juan, Jiménez-Saiz Sergio L
Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Physical Performance Sports Research Center (PPSRC), Universidad Pablo Olavide Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2024 Aug 20;13(16):4912. doi: 10.3390/jcm13164912.
Basketball is a high-intensity sport, which includes actions such as jumping, changes of direction, accelerations, and decelerations, which generates fatigue situations that may increase the risk of injury. Specifically, the joints at greatest risk are the ankle and knee, with ankle sprains and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears being the most prevalent injuries. There are several strategies aimed at reducing the incidence, based on training methods or other prophylactic measures. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to perform a systematic review of the different injury prevention strategies in competitive-level basketball players with respect to general injuries, ankle sprains, and ACL injuries. For this purpose, the PRISMA methodology was applied, performing a search in three databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) between 25 September 2023 and 8 October 2023. A total of 964 articles were identified, out of which 283 were duplicates and 644 were discarded. Out of the remaining 37, 23 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria; therefore, 14 articles were finally included. With respect to general injuries, 8 out of 14 studies reviewed them. Concerning ankle sprains, 7 studies specifically analyzed them. Finally, 3 studies focused on ACL injuries. Training programs that combine different contents, known as neuromuscular training, including strength work, stabilization or core, mobility, and agility are the most effective for both general injuries and ACL injuries. For ankle sprains, the most effective measures are training programs based on analytical ankle stability exercises and the use of ankle braces. Adherence to prevention programs is essential, so they can be included as part of the warm-up. Other strategies such as training load control, functional assessment, or rule modification are not used in the included articles, so their effectiveness as prophylactic methods could not be justified.
篮球是一项高强度运动，包括跳跃、变向、加速和减速等动作，这些动作会产生疲劳状况，可能增加受伤风险。具体而言，受伤风险最高的关节是脚踝和膝盖，脚踝扭伤和前交叉韧带（ACL）撕裂是最常见的损伤。基于训练方法或其他预防措施，有几种旨在降低发病率的策略。因此，本研究的目的是对竞技水平篮球运动员在一般性损伤、脚踝扭伤和ACL损伤方面的不同预防策略进行系统综述。为此，应用了PRISMA方法，于2023年9月25日至2023年10月8日在三个数据库（PubMed、SPORTDiscus和Cochrane）中进行检索。共识别出964篇文章，其中283篇为重复文章，644篇被剔除。在其余的37篇文章中，有23篇因不符合纳入标准而被排除；因此，最终纳入14篇文章。关于一般性损伤，14项研究中有8项对其进行了综述。关于脚踝扭伤，有7项研究专门对其进行了分析。最后，有3项研究聚焦于ACL损伤。结合不同内容的训练计划，即所谓的神经肌肉训练，包括力量训练、稳定性或核心训练、灵活性训练和敏捷性训练，对一般性损伤和ACL损伤都是最有效的。对于脚踝扭伤，最有效的措施是基于分析性脚踝稳定性练习的训练计划和使用脚踝护具。坚持预防计划至关重要，因此可将其纳入热身环节。其他策略，如训练负荷控制、功能评估或规则修改，在所纳入的文章中未被使用，因此其作为预防方法的有效性无法得到证实。
