School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 8;25(16):8638. doi: 10.3390/ijms25168638.
This comprehensive review critically examines the current state of research on the biological effects of millimeter-wave (MMW) therapy and its potential implications for disease treatment. By investigating both the thermal and non-thermal impacts of MMWs, we elucidate cellular-level alterations, including changes in ion channels and signaling pathways. Our analysis encompasses MMW's therapeutic prospects in oncology, such as inducing apoptosis, managing pain, and modulating immunity through cytokine regulation and immune cell activation. By employing a rigorous methodology involving an extensive database search and stringent inclusion criteria, we emphasize the need for standardized protocols to enhance the reliability of future research. Although MMWs exhibit promising therapeutic potential, our findings highlight the urgent need for further elucidation of non-thermal mechanisms and rigorous safety assessments, considering the intricate nature of MMW interactions and inconsistent study outcomes. This review underscores the importance of focused research on the biological mechanisms of MMWs and the identification of optimal frequencies to fully harness their therapeutic capabilities. However, we acknowledge the challenges of variable study quality and the necessity for advanced quality control measures to ensure the reproducibility and comparability of future investigations. In conclusion, while MMW therapy holds promise as a novel therapeutic modality, further research is imperative to unravel its complex biological effects, establish safety profiles, and optimize treatment protocols before widespread clinical application.
这篇全面综述批判性地考察了毫米波（MMW）疗法的生物学效应及其在疾病治疗中的潜在应用的研究现状。通过研究 MMW 的热效应和非热效应，我们阐明了细胞水平的变化，包括离子通道和信号通路的改变。我们的分析包括 MMW 在肿瘤学中的治疗前景，如通过诱导细胞凋亡、管理疼痛以及通过细胞因子调节和免疫细胞激活来调节免疫。通过采用涉及广泛数据库搜索和严格纳入标准的严格方法，我们强调需要标准化协议来提高未来研究的可靠性。尽管 MMW 表现出有希望的治疗潜力，但我们的研究结果突出表明，有必要进一步阐明非热机制和严格的安全性评估，考虑到 MMW 相互作用的复杂性和研究结果的不一致性。这篇综述强调了聚焦研究 MMW 的生物学机制以及确定最佳频率以充分利用其治疗能力的重要性。然而，我们承认研究质量的可变性和需要先进的质量控制措施来确保未来研究的可重复性和可比性的挑战。总之，虽然 MMW 疗法作为一种新的治疗模式具有潜力，但在广泛的临床应用之前，需要进一步研究来揭示其复杂的生物学效应、建立安全概况并优化治疗方案。
