Bemidinezhad Abolfazl, Abolhassani Yasaman, Sarabian Tabrizi Arsalan, Noroozi-Karimabad Mojgan, Parsa-Kondelaji Mohammad, Roshani Ramin, Gheybi Fatemeh
Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Iran J Biotechnol. 2025 Jan 1;23(1). doi: 10.30498/ijb.2025.491856.4032. eCollection 2025 Jan.
This review explores the emerging role of aptamers in enhancing radiotherapy (RT) efficacy through their ability to target tumor sites with high specificity. Cancer, a complex disease, involves uncontrolled cell growth, and radiosensitization refers to the process of making cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. As versatile carriers, aptamers facilitate the delivery of radiosensitizing agents such as nanoparticles, siRNAs, and therapeutic molecules. These conjugates modulate cell signaling, enhance free radical production, and influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) via immunomodulatory mechanisms, thereby indirectly increasing tumor radiosensitivity. Key findings highlight aptamer-based strategies for disrupting critical pathways, boosting immune responses, and overcoming tumor resistance. Advances in multi-agent and liposomal delivery systems further underscore their potential to address tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion. This review consolidates recent developments, emphasizing aptamers' role as precise delivery vehicles for optimizing RT outcomes and advancing cancer treatment.
本综述探讨了适体通过其高特异性靶向肿瘤部位的能力在增强放射治疗（RT）疗效方面的新兴作用。癌症是一种复杂的疾病，涉及细胞的不受控制生长，而放射增敏是指使癌细胞对放射治疗更敏感的过程。作为多功能载体，适体有助于递送放射增敏剂，如纳米颗粒、小干扰RNA（siRNAs）和治疗性分子。这些缀合物调节细胞信号传导，增强自由基产生，并通过免疫调节机制影响肿瘤微环境（TME），从而间接提高肿瘤放射敏感性。主要研究结果突出了基于适体的策略，用于破坏关键途径、增强免疫反应和克服肿瘤耐药性。多药和脂质体递送系统的进展进一步强调了它们在解决肿瘤异质性和免疫逃逸方面的潜力。本综述整合了近期的进展，强调了适体作为精确递送载体在优化放疗结果和推进癌症治疗方面的作用。
