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膳食中农药和兽药残留的暴露及其对人类生育和胚胎发育的影响:全球概览。

Dietary Exposure to Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues and Their Effects on Human Fertility and Embryo Development: A Global Overview.

机构信息

Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.

Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 22;25(16):9116. doi: 10.3390/ijms25169116.

Abstract

Drug residues that contaminate food and water represent a serious concern for human health. The major concerns regard the possible irrational use of these contaminants, since this might increase the amplitude of exposure. Multiple sources contribute to the overall exposure to contaminants, including agriculture, domestic use, personal, public and veterinary healthcare, increasing the possible origin of contamination. In this review, we focus on crop pesticides and veterinary drug residues because of their extensive use in modern agriculture and farming, which ensures food production and security for the ever-growing population around the world. We discuss crop pesticides and veterinary drug residues with respect to their worldwide distribution and impacts, with special attention on their harmful effects on human reproduction and embryo development, as well as their link to epigenetic alterations, leading to intergenerational and transgenerational diseases. Among the contaminants, the most commonly implicated in causing such disorders are organophosphates, glyphosate and antibiotics, with tetracyclines being the most frequently reported. This review highlights the importance of finding new management strategies for pesticides and veterinary drugs. Moreover, due to the still limited knowledge on inter- and transgenerational effects of these contaminants, we underlie the need to strengthen research in this field, so as to better clarify the specific effects of each contaminant and their long-term impact.

摘要

残留在食物和水中的药物代表了对人类健康的严重威胁。主要关注点在于这些污染物的不合理使用,因为这可能会增加暴露的幅度。多个来源导致了对污染物的整体暴露,包括农业、家庭用途、个人、公共和兽医保健,增加了污染的可能来源。在这篇综述中,我们专注于农作物农药和兽药残留,因为它们在现代农业和农业中的广泛使用,确保了全球不断增长的人口的粮食生产和安全。我们讨论了农作物农药和兽药残留的全球分布和影响,特别关注它们对人类生殖和胚胎发育的有害影响,以及它们与表观遗传改变的联系,导致代际和跨代疾病。在这些污染物中,最常被认为会引起这种疾病的是有机磷化合物、草甘膦和抗生素,其中四环素是最常被报道的。这篇综述强调了寻找新的农药和兽药管理策略的重要性。此外,由于对这些污染物的代际和跨代影响的知识仍然有限,我们强调需要加强这一领域的研究,以便更好地阐明每种污染物的具体影响及其长期影响。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a75a/11355024/1a25a6b5b272/ijms-25-09116-g004.jpg

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