Brown Heynes, Fastenau Anil, Penna Srilekha, Saunderson Paul, Klabbers Gonnie
School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
Department of Health Ethics and Society, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6211 LK, The Netherlands.
Life (Basel). 2024 Jul 26;14(8):937. doi: 10.3390/life14080937.
(1) Background: The global burden of leprosy is not shared equally; with the majority of cases being diagnosed in Brazil, India, and Indonesia. Understanding the methods of active case detection (ACD) used in high and low endemic regions is vital for the development of future screening programs. (2) Methods: A systematic search of three databases, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, was conducted for English language papers, published since the year 2000, which discussed the use of active case detection methods for leprosy screening. The paper utilised the Integrated Screening Action Model (I-SAM) as a tool for the analysis of these methods. (3) Results: 23 papers were identified from 11 different countries. The papers identified 6 different methods of active case detection: Household contact/social contact identification; door-to-door case detection; screening questionnaire distribution; rapid village surveys; school-based screening; and prison-based screening. 15 were located in high endemic regions and 8 of these were located in low endemic regions. (4) Conclusions: For selecting the appropriate methods of active case finding, the leprosy endemicity must be taken into consideration. The findings contribute to policy decision making allowing for more successful future leprosy case detection programs to be designed, ultimately reducing the global burden of the disease, and achieving the WHO's aim of zero leprosy.
(1) 背景：麻风病的全球负担分布不均；大多数病例在巴西、印度和印度尼西亚被诊断出来。了解高流行区和低流行区使用的主动病例发现（ACD）方法对于未来筛查项目的开展至关重要。(2) 方法：对三个数据库，即PubMed、Embase和Web of Science进行系统检索，查找2000年以来发表的讨论将主动病例发现方法用于麻风病筛查的英文论文。本文利用综合筛查行动模型（I-SAM）作为分析这些方法的工具。(3) 结果：从11个不同国家识别出23篇论文。这些论文确定了6种不同的主动病例发现方法：家庭接触者/社会接触者识别；挨家挨户病例发现；筛查问卷分发；快速村庄调查；基于学校的筛查；以及基于监狱的筛查。15篇位于高流行区，其中8篇位于低流行区。(4) 结论：为选择合适的主动病例发现方法，必须考虑麻风病的流行情况。这些发现有助于政策决策，使未来能够设计出更成功的麻风病病例发现项目，最终减轻该疾病的全球负担，并实现世界卫生组织的零麻风病目标。
