Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
Molecules. 2024 Aug 15;29(16):3870. doi: 10.3390/molecules29163870.
Wastewater (WW)-based epidemiology is an approach for the objective surveillance of the consumption of (illicit) drugs in populations. The aims of this study were to monitor drugs of abuse, cognitive enhancers, and their metabolites as biomarkers in influent WW. Data obtained from different sampling points and mean daily loads were compared with previously published data. The prevalence of analytes was monitored in WW grab samples collected monthly over 22 months at two sampling points and 24 h composite WW samples collected over 2 weeks at a WW treatment plant in the same city. Quantification was performed using a previously validated and published method based on solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Grab samples allowed for frequent detection of ritalinic acid and sporadic detection of drugs of abuse. The daily mean loads calculated for 24 h WW composite samples were in accordance with data published in an international study. Furthermore, loads of amphetamine and methamphetamine increased compared with those observed in a previously published study from 2014. This study showed frequent quantification of ritalinic acid in the grab samples, while drugs of abuse were commonly quantified in the composite WW samples. Daily mean loads were in accordance with trends reported for Germany.
基于污水（WW）的流行病学是一种用于客观监测人群中（非法）药物使用的方法。本研究的目的是监测污水中的滥用药物、认知增强剂及其代谢物作为生物标志物。将从不同采样点获得的数据和平均日负荷与之前发表的数据进行了比较。在同一城市的一个 WW 处理厂，每月在两个采样点采集污水 grab 样本，每两周采集一次 24 小时复合污水样本，监测了 22 个月的污水中分析物的流行情况。使用先前经过验证和发表的基于固相萃取的方法，结合高效液相色谱-高分辨率串联质谱法进行定量。污水 grab 样本可频繁检测到利他林酸，并偶尔检测到滥用药物。24 小时复合污水样本的日平均负荷与国际研究中发表的数据一致。此外，与 2014 年发表的一项先前研究相比，安非他命和甲基苯丙胺的负荷有所增加。本研究表明，在 grab 样本中经常定量检测利他林酸，而在复合污水样本中则经常定量检测滥用药物。日平均负荷与德国报告的趋势一致。
