Terzić Anja, Stojanović Jovica, Jovanović Vladimir, Todorović Dejan, Sokić Miroslav, Bojović Dragan, Radulović Dragan
Institute for Testing of Materials, Bulevar Vojvode Mišića 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franchet d'Esperey 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Aug 8;17(16):3945. doi: 10.3390/ma17163945.
The presented work offers an innovative process scheme for valorizing Pb-Zn slag, which involves crushing, grinding, and separation techniques to concentrate valuable components (non-ferrous metals). This methodology could have a significant impact on the global beneficiation of metallurgical slags since it is significantly more simple, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective than standard pyro- and hydrometallurgical procedures. According to previous physicochemical and mineralogical studies, Pb-Zn slag is a valuable secondary raw material. This inhomogeneous technogenic resource contains substantial amounts of non-ferrous metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ag). However, laboratory tests have indicated that the Pb-Zn slag contains highly uneven amounts of valuable metals, ranging from several g/ton to tens of g/ton. The main issue is that traditional metallurgical procedures for releasing beneficial elements are not commercially viable since the elements are "trapped" within the amorphous aluminosilicates or intergrowths of alloy grains and glassy phases. Gravity concentration (Wilfley 13 shaking table) and magnetic separation (Davis separator and disk separator) were used to obtain the final concentrate following comminution and grindability testing. The gravity concentration proved more effective. Namely, magnetic separators could not process nor adequately separate beneficial non-ferrous elements because they were merged together with iron-bearing minerals and aluminosilicates in amorphous Pb-Zn slag grains. With the gravity concentration approach, 12.99% of the processed slag belonged to ∆T fraction (concentration of non-ferrous metal alloys), while remaining 87% corresponded to the tailings fraction (∆L). The total amounts of recovered Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ag from ∆T and ∆L fractions were 5.28%, 6.69%, 0.58%, and 76.12 ppm and 1.22%, 6.05%, 0.43%, and 15.26 ppm, respectively. This streamlined approach to valorizing Pb-Zn slag can reduce the need for hazardous chemicals used in hydrometallurgical refinement operations, as well as the extremely high temperatures required for pyrometallurgical processing. This is the first study to investigate the viability of this novel methodology, which involves the direct examinations of the Pb-Zn slag feed with various alternative technologies for separation and concentration. After extracting the valuable metals, the amorphous aluminosilicate part of the Pb-Zn slag can be reapplied as an alternative raw material in the building sector, adding to the circularity of the suggested approach.
本文所展示的工作提供了一种创新的工艺方案，用于将铅锌矿渣转化为有价值的资源，该方案包括破碎、研磨和分离技术，以富集有价值的成分（有色金属）。这种方法可能会对全球冶金矿渣的选矿产生重大影响，因为它比标准的火法和湿法冶金工艺要简单得多、更环保且成本效益更高。根据先前的物理化学和矿物学研究，铅锌矿渣是一种有价值的二次原材料。这种不均匀的技术成因资源含有大量有色金属（铅、锌、铜和银）。然而，实验室测试表明，铅锌矿渣中所含的有价值金属量极不均匀，从几克/吨到几十克/吨不等。主要问题在于，传统的释放有益元素的冶金工艺在商业上不可行，因为这些元素“被困”在无定形铝硅酸盐或合金晶粒与玻璃相的共生体中。在进行了粉碎和可磨性测试后，采用重选（威尔弗利13型摇床）和磁选（戴维斯磁选机和盘式磁选机）来获得最终精矿。结果证明重选更有效。也就是说，磁选机无法处理也无法充分分离有益的有色金属元素，因为它们与无定形铅锌矿渣颗粒中的含铁矿物和铝硅酸盐结合在一起。采用重选方法，处理后的矿渣中12.99%属于∆T部分（有色金属合金精矿），而其余87%对应尾矿部分（∆L）。从∆T和∆L部分回收的铅、锌、铜和银的总量分别为5.28%、6.69%、0.58%和76.12 ppm以及1.22%、6.05%、0.43%和15.26 ppm。这种简化的铅锌矿渣增值方法可以减少湿法冶金精炼操作中使用的有害化学物质的需求，以及火法冶金加工所需的极高温度。这是第一项研究这种新方法可行性的研究，该方法涉及直接用各种替代分离和富集技术对铅锌矿渣进料进行检测。提取出有价值的金属后，铅锌矿渣的无定形铝硅酸盐部分可以作为替代原材料重新应用于建筑行业，从而增加了所建议方法的循环性。
