Mendieta-Brito Sonia, Sayed Mahmoud, Son Eunjung, Kim Dong-Seon, Dávila Marcelo, Pyo Sang-Hyun
Centro de Tecnología Agroindustrial, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba 00591, Bolivia.
Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
Microorganisms. 2024 Aug 5;12(8):1590. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081590.
Endophytic fungi, residing within plants without causing disease, are known for their ability to produce bioactive metabolites with diverse properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities, while also influencing plant defense mechanisms. In this study, five novel endophytic fungi species were isolated from the leaves of Müll. Arg., a plant from the Rubiaceae family, collected in the tropical Amazon region of Bolivia. The endophytic fungi were identified as a sp., three sp., and an sp. through 18S ribosomal RNA sequencing and NCBI-BLAST analysis. Chemical profiling revealed that their extracts obtained by ethyl acetate contained terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. In a bioautography study, the terpenes showed high antimicrobial activity against . Notably, extracts from the three species exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 62.5 to 2000 µg/mL against all three pathogens: , , and (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). These findings highlight the potential of these endophytic fungi, especially species as valuable sources of secondary metabolites with significant antibacterial activities, suggesting promising applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental technologies.
内生真菌存在于植物体内却不引发疾病，它们以能够产生具有多种特性的生物活性代谢产物而闻名，这些特性包括抗菌、抗氧化和抗真菌活性，同时还能影响植物的防御机制。在本研究中，从玻利维亚热带亚马逊地区采集的茜草科植物穆勒氏茜草（Müll. Arg.）的叶片中分离出了五种新型内生真菌物种。通过18S核糖体RNA测序和NCBI-BLAST分析，这些内生真菌被鉴定为一种Xylaria sp.、三种Penicillium sp.和一种Aspergillus sp.。化学分析表明，它们用乙酸乙酯提取的提取物含有萜类、黄酮类和酚类化合物。在生物自显影研究中，萜类对[具体病菌名称未给出]显示出高抗菌活性。值得注意的是，三种Penicillium物种的提取物表现出强大的抗菌活性，对所有三种病原体[具体病菌名称未给出，包括革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌]的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值范围为62.5至2000μg/mL。这些发现突出了这些内生真菌的潜力，尤其是Penicillium物种作为具有显著抗菌活性的次生代谢产物的宝贵来源，表明在医学、制药、农业和环境技术方面具有广阔的应用前景。
