Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 13;16(16):2687. doi: 10.3390/nu16162687.
Sarcopenia, a condition caused by an imbalance between muscle growth and loss, can severely affect the quality of life of elderly patients with metabolic, inflammatory, and cancer diseases. Vigeo, a nuruk-fermented extract of three plants ( Maxim (ESM), (Miq.) Nakai (AJN), and Koidzumi (AJK)) has been reported to have anti-osteoporotic effects. However, evidence of the effects of Vigeo on muscle atrophy is not available. Here, in the in vivo model of dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy, Vigeo treatment significantly reversed Dex-induced decreases in calf muscle volume, gastrocnemius (GA) muscle weight, and histological cross-section area. In addition, in mRNA and protein analyses isolated from GA muscle, we observed that Vigeo significantly protected against Dex-induced mouse muscle atrophy by inhibiting protein degradation regulated by atrogin and MuRF-1. Moreover, we demonstrated that Vigeo significantly promoted C2C12 cell line differentiation, as evidenced by the increased width and length of myotubes, and the increased number of fused myotubes with three or more nuclei. Vigeo alleviated the formation of myotubes compared to the control group. Vigeo also significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), MyoD, and myogenin compared to that in the control. Vigeo treatment significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of muscle degradation markers atrogin-1 and muscle RING Finger 1 (MuRF-1) in the C2C12 cell line in vitro. Vigeo also activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent information regulator 1 (Sirt-1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) mitochondrial biogenesis pathway and the Akt/mTOR protein synthesis signaling pathway in Dex-induced myotube atrophy. These findings suggest that Vigeo may have protective effects against Dex-induced muscle atrophy. Therefore, we propose Vigeo as a supplement or potential therapeutic agent to prevent or treat sarcopenia accompanied by muscle atrophy and degeneration.
肌肉减少症是一种由肌肉生长和流失失衡引起的疾病，会严重影响代谢、炎症和癌症老年患者的生活质量。Vigeo 是一种由三种植物（Maxim (ESM)、（Miq.）Nakai (AJN) 和 Koidzumi (AJK)）发酵而成的 nuruk 提取物，已被报道具有抗骨质疏松作用。然而，Vigeo 对肌肉萎缩影响的证据尚不清楚。在这里，在 dexamethasone (Dex)-诱导的肌肉萎缩的体内模型中，Vigeo 治疗显著逆转了 Dex 诱导的小腿肌肉体积、比目鱼肌 (GA) 肌肉重量和组织学横截面积的减少。此外，在从 GA 肌肉分离的 mRNA 和蛋白质分析中，我们观察到 Vigeo 通过抑制肌萎缩和 MuRF-1 调节的蛋白质降解显著保护 Dex 诱导的小鼠肌肉萎缩。此外，我们证明 Vigeo 显著促进 C2C12 细胞系分化，表现为肌管的宽度和长度增加，并且具有三个或更多核的融合肌管的数量增加。与对照组相比，Vigeo 减轻了肌管的形成。Vigeo 还显著增加了肌球蛋白重链 (MyHC)、MyoD 和肌生成素的 mRNA 和蛋白质表达，与对照组相比。与对照组相比，Vigeo 处理在体外显著降低了 C2C12 细胞系中肌肉降解标志物肌萎缩蛋白 1 (atrogin-1) 和肌肉 RING 指蛋白 1 (MuRF-1) 的 mRNA 和蛋白质表达。Vigeo 还激活了 Dex 诱导的肌管萎缩中的 AMP 激活的蛋白激酶 (AMPK)/沉默信息调节因子 1 (Sirt-1)/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ 共激活因子 1α (PGC1α) 线粒体生物发生途径和 Akt/mTOR 蛋白合成信号通路。这些发现表明 Vigeo 可能对 Dex 诱导的肌肉萎缩具有保护作用。因此，我们建议将 Vigeo 作为补充剂或潜在的治疗剂，以预防或治疗伴有肌肉萎缩和退化的肌肉减少症。
