School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
School of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 16;16(16):2739. doi: 10.3390/nu16162739.
Human milk (HM) composition, including metabolic hormones and lipids, is influenced by various factors, including lactation stage and, potentially, infant sex, which may affect infant body composition (BC) development. We aimed to: (a) characterize the longitudinal concentration and intake profiles of HM leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and total lipids; (b) determine if their concentrations and intakes differ by infant sex; and (c) explore the intakes relationships with the development of infant BC. Milk samples ( = 501) were collected from 82 mother-infant dyads during the first 6 months postpartum. Infant 24 h HM intake was measured, and the average cumulative HM component intakes were calculated. The statistical analysis used linear mixed modeling. Intakes of HM leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and total lipids increased to 1 month postpartum and then remained stable. HM intake and total lipids intake but not hormone intakes were positively associated with infant BC (fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, fat mass, fat mass index, percentage fat mass, and fat mass to fat-free mass ratio). HM component concentrations and intakes did not differ by sex. These findings advance our understanding of the temporal nature of HM components, emphasizing the role of infant 24 h HM and total lipids intake in development of infant lean and adipose tissue.
人乳（HM）的组成，包括代谢激素和脂质，受到各种因素的影响，包括哺乳阶段，以及潜在的婴儿性别，这可能影响婴儿的身体成分（BC）发育。我们的目的是：（a）描述 HM 瘦素、脂联素、胰岛素和总脂质的纵向浓度和摄入量特征；（b）确定它们的浓度和摄入量是否因婴儿性别而异；（c）探索摄入量与婴儿 BC 发育的关系。在产后前 6 个月，从 82 对母婴对中收集了 501 份奶样。测量了婴儿 24 小时 HM 摄入量，并计算了平均累积 HM 成分摄入量。使用线性混合模型进行统计分析。HM 瘦素、脂联素、胰岛素和总脂质的摄入量在产后 1 个月增加，然后保持稳定。HM 摄入量和总脂质摄入量与婴儿 BC（去脂体重、去脂体重指数、脂肪量、脂肪量指数、体脂百分比和体脂与去脂体重的比例）呈正相关。激素摄入量与性别无关。这些发现增进了我们对 HM 成分的时间性质的理解，强调了婴儿 24 小时 HM 和总脂质摄入量在婴儿瘦组织和脂肪组织发育中的作用。
