Liu Hongmei, Yin Jianhai, Huang Xiaodan, Zang Chuanhui, Zhang Ye, Cao Jianping, Gong Maoqing
Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China.
Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China.
Pathogens. 2024 Aug 15;13(8):691. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13080691.
Mosquitoes are vectors of many important human diseases. The prolonged and widespread use of insecticides has led to the development of mosquito resistance to these insecticides. The gut microbiota is considered the master of host development and physiology; it influences mosquito biology, disease pathogen transmission, and resistance to insecticides. Understanding the role and mechanisms of mosquito gut microbiota in mosquito insecticide resistance is useful for developing new strategies for tackling mosquito insecticide resistance. We searched online databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, and the Chinese Science Citation Database. We searched all terms, including microbiota and mosquitoes, or any specific genera or species of mosquitoes. We reviewed the relationships between microbiota and mosquito growth, development, survival, reproduction, and disease pathogen transmission, as well as the interactions between microbiota and mosquito insecticide resistance. Overall, 429 studies were included in this review after filtering 8139 search results. Mosquito gut microbiota show a complex community structure with rich species diversity, dynamic changes in the species composition over time (season) and across space (environmental setting), and variation among mosquito species and mosquito developmental stages (larval vs. adult). The community composition of the microbiota plays profound roles in mosquito development, survival, and reproduction. There was a reciprocal interaction between the mosquito midgut microbiota and virus infection in mosquitoes. , , and are the three most studied bacteria that influence disease pathogen transmission. The insecticide resistance or exposure led to the enrichment or reduction in certain microorganisms in the resistant mosquitoes while enhancing the abundance of other microorganisms in insect-susceptible mosquitoes, and they involved many different species/genera/families of microorganisms. Conversely, microbiota can promote insecticide resistance in their hosts by isolating and degrading insecticidal compounds or altering the expression of host genes and metabolic detoxification enzymes. Currently, knowledge is scarce about the community structure of mosquito gut microbiota and its functionality in relation to mosquito pathogen transmission and insecticide resistance. The new multi-omics techniques should be adopted to find the links among environment, mosquito, and host and bring mosquito microbiota studies to the next level.
蚊子是多种重要人类疾病的传播媒介。杀虫剂的长期广泛使用导致蚊子对这些杀虫剂产生了抗性。肠道微生物群被认为是宿主发育和生理的主宰；它影响蚊子的生物学特性、疾病病原体传播以及对杀虫剂的抗性。了解蚊子肠道微生物群在蚊子抗杀虫剂方面的作用和机制，有助于制定应对蚊子抗杀虫剂问题的新策略。我们检索了在线数据库，包括PubMed、MEDLINE、SciELO、Web of Science和中国科学引文数据库。我们检索了所有相关术语，包括微生物群和蚊子，或任何特定的蚊子属或种。我们综述了微生物群与蚊子生长、发育、存活、繁殖和疾病病原体传播之间的关系，以及微生物群与蚊子抗杀虫剂之间的相互作用。经过筛选8139条搜索结果，本综述共纳入429项研究。蚊子肠道微生物群呈现出复杂的群落结构，具有丰富的物种多样性，物种组成随时间（季节）和空间（环境）动态变化，并且在不同蚊子种类和蚊子发育阶段（幼虫与成虫）存在差异。微生物群的群落组成在蚊子的发育、存活和繁殖中发挥着深远作用。蚊子中肠微生物群与蚊子体内的病毒感染之间存在相互作用。 、 和 是研究最多的影响疾病病原体传播的三种细菌。抗杀虫剂或接触杀虫剂导致抗性蚊子中某些微生物的富集或减少，同时增加了易感蚊子中其他微生物的丰度，它们涉及许多不同的微生物物种/属/科。相反，微生物群可以通过分离和降解杀虫化合物或改变宿主基因和代谢解毒酶的表达来促进宿主产生抗杀虫剂能力。目前，关于蚊子肠道微生物群的群落结构及其与蚊子病原体传播和抗杀虫剂能力相关的功能的知识还很匮乏。应采用新的多组学技术来寻找环境、蚊子和宿主之间的联系，将蚊子微生物群研究提升到一个新的水平。
