Rajendran Devianjana, Vinayagam Sathishkumar, Sekar Kathirvel, Bhowmick Ipsita Pal, Sattu Kamaraj
Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Centre for Postgraduate and Research Studies, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, 635205, India.
Department of Malariology, ICMR-RMRCNE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786010, India.
Microb Ecol. 2024 Dec 17;87(1):154. doi: 10.1007/s00248-024-02444-6.
Mosquito-borne illnesses pose a significant threat to eradication under existing vector management measures. Chemo-based vector control strategies (use of insecticides) raise a complication of resistance and environmental pollution. Biological control methods are an alternative approach to overcoming this complication arising from insecticides. The mosquito gut microbiome is essential to supporting the factors that involve metabolic regulation and metamorphic development (from juvenile to adult), as well as the induction of an immune response. The induced immune response includes the JAK-STAT, IMD, and Toll pathways due to the microbial interaction with the midgut cells (MG cells) that prevent disease transmission to humans. The aforementioned sequel to the review provides information about endosymbiont Wolbachia, which contaminates insect cells, including germline and somatic cytoplasm, and inhibits disease-causing pathogen development and transmission by competing for resources within the cell. Moreover, it reduces the host population via cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), feminization, male killing, and parthenogenesis. Furthermore, the Cif factor in Wolbachia is responsible for CI induction that produces inviable cells with the translocating systems and the embryonic defect-causing protein factor, WalE1 (WD0830), which manipulates the host actin. This potential of Wolbachia can be used to design a paratransgenic system to control vectors in the field. An extracellular symbiotic bacterium such as Asaia, which is grown in the growth medium, is used to transfer lethal genes within itself. Besides, the genetically transferred symbiotic bacteria infect the wild mosquito population and are easily manifold. So, it might be suitable for vector control strategies in the future.
在现有的病媒管理措施下，蚊媒疾病对根除工作构成重大威胁。基于化学药物的病媒控制策略（使用杀虫剂）引发了抗药性和环境污染等问题。生物控制方法是克服由杀虫剂引发的这些问题的一种替代方法。蚊子的肠道微生物群对于支持涉及代谢调节和变态发育（从幼虫到成虫）的因素以及诱导免疫反应至关重要。由于微生物与中肠细胞（MG细胞）的相互作用，诱导的免疫反应包括JAK-STAT、IMD和Toll途径，这些相互作用可防止疾病传播给人类。上述综述的后续内容提供了关于内共生菌沃尔巴克氏体的信息，它会污染昆虫细胞，包括生殖系和体细胞细胞质，并通过在细胞内竞争资源来抑制致病病原体的发育和传播。此外，它还通过细胞质不亲和（CI）、雌性化、雄性致死和孤雌生殖来减少宿主种群数量。此外，沃尔巴克氏体中的Cif因子负责诱导CI，它通过转运系统产生不可存活的细胞以及导致胚胎缺陷的蛋白质因子WalE1（WD0830），后者可操纵宿主肌动蛋白。沃尔巴克氏体的这种潜力可用于设计一种用于野外控制病媒的共生转基因系统。一种细胞外共生细菌，如在生长培养基中生长的阿萨亚菌，可用于在其自身内部转移致死基因。此外，基因转移的共生细菌会感染野生蚊子种群并且易于繁殖。因此，它可能适用于未来的病媒控制策略。
