Fong Hayley, Leid Zachary H, Debnath Anjan
Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Pathogens. 2024 Aug 16;13(8):695. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13080695.
is a free-living amoeba which causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Although PAM is rare, the fatality rate is staggering at over 97%. So, the importance of finding an effective treatment and cure for PAM caused by is a crucial area of research. Existing research on developing novel therapeutic strategies to counter infection is limited. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents an obstacle to delivering drugs to the site of infection, it is important to employ strategies that can effectively direct the therapeutics to the brain. In this regard, our review focuses on understanding the physiology and mechanisms by which molecules pass through the BBB, the current treatment options available for PAM, and the recent research conducted in the decade of 2012 to 2022 on the use of nanomaterials to enhance drug delivery. In addition, we compile research findings from other central nervous system (CNS) diseases that use shuttle peptides which allow for transport of molecules through the BBB. The approach of utilizing BBB shuttles to administer drugs through the BBB may open up new areas of drug discovery research in the field of infection.
是一种可导致原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎（PAM）的自由生活阿米巴。虽然PAM很罕见，但其死亡率高达97%以上，令人震惊。因此，找到针对由其引起的PAM的有效治疗方法至关重要，这是一个关键的研究领域。目前关于开发对抗感染的新型治疗策略的研究有限。由于血脑屏障（BBB）阻碍了药物向感染部位的递送，采用能够有效将治疗药物导向大脑的策略很重要。在这方面，我们的综述重点在于了解分子穿过血脑屏障的生理学和机制、目前可用于PAM的治疗选择，以及2012年至2022年这十年间关于使用纳米材料增强药物递送的最新研究。此外，我们汇总了其他中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的研究结果，这些研究使用穿梭肽实现分子通过血脑屏障的转运。利用血脑屏障穿梭体通过血脑屏障给药的方法可能会在感染领域开辟药物发现研究的新领域。
