Li Wenweiran, Chen Hui, Tang Jianguo
Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 128 Ruili Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
Pathogens. 2024 Aug 20;13(8):702. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13080702.
Bile acids (BAs) play a crucial role in the human body's defense against infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. BAs counteract infections not only through interactions with intestinal bacteria exhibiting bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity but they also directly combat infections. Building upon our research group's previous discoveries highlighting the role of BAs in combating infections, we have initiated an in-depth investigation into the interactions between BAs and intestinal microbiota. Leveraging the existing literature, we offer a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between BAs and 16 key microbiota. This investigation encompasses bacteria (e.g., (), (), , , , (), , (), , (), and lactic acid bacteria), fungi (e.g., () and ), and viruses (e.g., coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and norovirus). Our research found that , , , , , and lactic acid bacteria can regulate the metabolism and function of BSHs and 7α-dehydroxylase. BSHs and 7α-dehydroxylase play crucial roles in the conversion of primary bile acid (PBA) to secondary bile acid (SBA). It is important to note that PBAs generally promote infections, while SBAs often exhibit distinct anti-infection roles. In the antimicrobial action of BAs, SBAs demonstrate antagonistic properties against a wide range of microbiota, with the exception of norovirus. Given the intricate interplay between BAs and intestinal microbiota, and their regulatory effects on infections, we assert that BAs hold significant potential as a novel approach for preventing and treating microbial infections.
胆汁酸（BAs）在人体抵御细菌、真菌和病毒感染中起着至关重要的作用。胆汁酸不仅通过与具有胆汁盐水解酶（BSH）活性的肠道细菌相互作用来对抗感染，还能直接抗击感染。基于我们研究小组之前关于胆汁酸在抗击感染中作用的发现，我们启动了对胆汁酸与肠道微生物群之间相互作用的深入研究。利用现有文献，我们对胆汁酸与16种关键微生物群之间的关系进行了全面分析。这项研究涵盖了细菌（如（）、（）、、、、（）、、（）、、（）和乳酸菌）、真菌（如（）和）以及病毒（如冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2、流感病毒和诺如病毒）。我们的研究发现，、、、、和乳酸菌可以调节BSHs和7α-脱羟基酶的代谢和功能。BSHs和7α-脱羟基酶在初级胆汁酸（PBA）转化为次级胆汁酸（SBA）过程中起着关键作用。需要注意的是，PBA通常会促进感染，而SBA往往具有独特的抗感染作用。在胆汁酸的抗菌作用中，除了诺如病毒外，SBA对多种微生物群表现出拮抗特性。鉴于胆汁酸与肠道微生物群之间复杂的相互作用及其对感染的调节作用，我们断言胆汁酸作为预防和治疗微生物感染的新方法具有巨大潜力。
