Department of General Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-do.
Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si.
Melanoma Res. 2024 Dec 1;34(6):528-534. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000001000. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
The aim of this study was to explore the epidemiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and the associated risk factors influencing its occurrence and survival among Koreans aged <20 years. In this retrospective cohort investigation, we identified cases of incident melanoma diagnosed in Korean patients aged 0-19 years between 2004 and 2019, utilizing the National Health Insurance database. We assessed annual fluctuations in age-adjusted incidence rates and examined 5-year survival rates based on various factors, including sex, age, income level, sun-exposed sites, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Of 1160 patients, 51.4% were male and 48.6% were female. The mean age of the patients was 11 years, mostly belonging to the top 25% high-income group. The head and neck regions were the most frequently affected sites. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate of melanoma was 0.22 per 100,000 persons. This rate witnessed a decline of 4.5% annually from 2004 to 2012, followed by a subsequent increase of 12.6% annually from 2012 to 2019. Notably, patients with CMM in low-sun-exposed sites exhibited poorer survival rates compared with those in high-sun-exposed areas ( P < 0.05). The incidence of melanomas in children and adolescents in Korea has shown a rising trend since 2012. Further research is needed to investigate the etiology and risk factors in pediatric patients.
本研究旨在探讨韩国 20 岁以下人群皮肤恶性黑色素瘤（CMM）的流行病学特征，以及影响其发病和生存的相关危险因素。在这项回顾性队列研究中，我们利用国家健康保险数据库，确定了 2004 年至 2019 年期间韩国 0-19 岁患者的新发黑色素瘤病例。我们评估了年龄调整发病率的年度波动，并根据性别、年龄、收入水平、阳光暴露部位和 Charlson 合并症指数等因素，检查了 5 年生存率。在 1160 名患者中，51.4%为男性，48.6%为女性。患者的平均年龄为 11 岁，主要属于收入最高的前 25%群体。头颈部是最常受影响的部位。黑色素瘤的总体年龄调整发病率为 0.22/10 万人。该发病率从 2004 年至 2012 年每年下降 4.5%，然后从 2012 年至 2019 年每年增加 12.6%。值得注意的是，低阳光暴露部位的 CMM 患者的生存率低于高阳光暴露部位的患者（P<0.05）。自 2012 年以来，韩国儿童和青少年黑色素瘤的发病率呈上升趋势。需要进一步研究以调查儿科患者的病因和危险因素。
