Patient-perceived factors on treatment satisfaction in early onset scoliosis treated surgically with a minimum of ten years.

BACKGROUND

The prognosis of surgically treated subjects with early onset scoliosis (EOS) into adulthood has been lacking. We aimed to investigate the patients' perspectives on satisfaction with surgical treatment.

METHODOLOGY

We included all surgical candidates with EOS who had undergone index spinal surgery for scoliosis correction between 2009 and 2013. The minimum duration of postoperative follow-up was 10 years at the time of survey completion. Three questionnaires were used in this study, comprising the revised Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire (SRS-22r), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). Measures of treatment satisfaction were retrieved from SRS-22r.

RESULTS

There were 29 participants who completed the survey, and thereby included in the study (i.e., a response rate of 43% and a dropout rate of 6%). Amongst them, 14, 11, and 4 individuals received posterior spinal fusion (PSF), magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR), and traditional growing rods, respectively. The average duration after the index spinal surgery was 12.6 ± 2.2 years. Our findings revealed that self-image (across all treatment groups), sleep disruption (only in PSF), and social aspects (in both PSF and MCGR) were significantly worse when compared to the normative values. According to the multivariable linear regression model (R-square = 0.690, p < .001), an increase in SRS-22r mental health (p = .008) and PROMIS-29 social participation scores (p = .004) corresponded to 0.511 and 0.055 points increases in satisfaction. Every unit increase in PROMIS-29 fatigue (p = .043) and WHOQOL-BREF physical domain scores (p = .007) was in conjunction with 0.019 and 0.040 points decreases in satisfaction. SRS-22r self-image (p = .056) and WHOQOL-BREF environmental domain scores (p = .076) were included in the model but did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS

To improve the long term quality of life in surgical candidates with EOS, we demonstrated that mental health, social participation, fatigue, and physical health were significant factors associated with treatment satisfaction. Interestingly, demographic and radiographic parameters did not have a significant effect in our cohort.