Baverstock K F, Papworth D G, Townsend K M
Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1985 Apr;47(4):397-411.
Evidence concerning the sensitivity of man to bone marrow failure following exposure to brief but substantial doses of ionising radiation is sparse. There is, however, a relatively substantial body of information on such effects in large animals. Reported experiments on six species where exposure to low LET radiation was uniform to the whole body and of brief duration (exposure times of the order of one hour or less) have been reanalysed both in terms of exposure and of midline tissue dose. The results indicate a marked lack of homogeneity among values for LD50 within species thus questioning the applicability of LD50 as a species dependent constant. It is, however, suggested that on a purely empirical basis these large animal data suggest that the dose killing 'most' (where 'most' is between 90 and 95 per cent) is about twice that killing 'few' (where 'few' is between 5 and 10 per cent). For man, where there is evidence that the dose killing few is unlikely to be less than 3 Gy, this relationship might indicate a gradient of mortality with dose between 3 and 6 Gy.
关于人类在暴露于短时间但高剂量电离辐射后对骨髓衰竭的敏感性的证据很少。然而，有相当多关于大型动物此类效应的信息。对六个物种进行的报告实验重新进行了分析，这些实验中全身暴露于低传能线密度辐射且持续时间较短（暴露时间约为一小时或更短），分析内容涉及暴露剂量和中线组织剂量。结果表明，物种内半数致死剂量（LD50）的值明显缺乏同质性，因此对LD50作为物种相关常数的适用性提出了质疑。然而，从纯粹经验的角度来看，这些大型动物数据表明，杀死“大多数”（“大多数”指90%至95%之间）的剂量约为杀死“少数”（“少数”指5%至10%之间）的剂量的两倍。对于人类，有证据表明杀死少数人的剂量不太可能低于3 Gy，这种关系可能表明在3至6 Gy之间死亡率随剂量变化的梯度。
