Division of Dairy Microbiology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology-MIDFT, Mehsana, 384002, Gujarat state, India.
Toxicon. 2024 Oct;249:108084. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108084. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
Microorganisms are the only entities in the biosphere with an incomparable ability to employ diverse organic and inorganic compounds for growth and convert it to simple form that is no longer harmful to human health and environment. Food grade microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, propionibacteria as well as several yeast species are associated with food fermentation processes as well as have gained probiotic status owing to their noteworthy offerings in health stimulation as a natural gut microbiota in animals and humans. However, as biological agents little is known about their application for bioremediation and biotransformation aptitude. In context to this, aflatoxin M1 is a class of mycotoxins often associated with milk through consumption of fungus contaminated feed & fodders by cattle and well documented for their adverse health effects. Therefore, current review summarizes significance of aflatoxins present in milk and dairy products in human life, their source, types & health implications; food grade bacteria including probiotic strains and their mechanism of action involved in the removal of aflatoxin; and last section discusses the outcome of major studies showing aflatoxin reduction potential of food grade bacteria in milk and milk based products.
微生物是生物圈中唯一具有无与伦比的能力，能够利用各种有机和无机化合物进行生长，并将其转化为简单的形式，不再对人类健康和环境造成危害。食品级微生物，如乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、丙酸杆菌以及几种酵母，与食品发酵过程有关，并且由于它们在刺激动物和人类肠道微生物群方面的显著作用而获得了益生菌地位。然而，作为生物制剂，人们对它们在生物修复和生物转化方面的应用知之甚少。在这方面，黄曲霉毒素 M1 是一类与牛奶有关的真菌毒素，通常通过牛食用受真菌污染的饲料和饲料而进入牛奶，并因对健康的不良影响而有充分的记录。因此，本综述总结了牛奶和乳制品中存在的黄曲霉毒素在人类生活中的重要性、它们的来源、种类和健康影响；包括益生菌菌株在内的食品级细菌及其在去除黄曲霉毒素方面的作用机制；最后一节讨论了主要研究的结果，这些研究表明食品级细菌在牛奶和牛奶制品中具有降低黄曲霉毒素的潜力。
