Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China.
Cells. 2022 Dec 1;11(23):3879. doi: 10.3390/cells11233879.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with self-renewal ability and multipotency of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. MSCs have appeared as a promising approach for tissue regeneration and immune therapies, which are attributable not only to their differentiation into the desired cells but also to their paracrine secretion. MSC-sourced secretome consists of soluble components including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs). Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are large EVs (diameter 500𠀓2000 nm) harboring a variety of cellular components including microRNA, mRNA, DNA, protein, and lipids related to the characteristics of the originating cell, which are generated during apoptosis. The released ABs as well as the genetic information they carry are engulfed by target cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, and subsequently internalized and degraded in the lysosomes, suggesting their ability to facilitate intercellular communication. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the biological functions and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived ABs, including immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, regulation of inflammatory response, and drug delivery system.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的非造血祖细胞，能向成骨细胞、软骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化。MSCs 作为组织再生和免疫疗法的一种很有前途的方法出现，这不仅归因于它们向所需细胞的分化，还归因于它们的旁分泌分泌。MSC 来源的分泌组由可溶性成分组成，包括生长因子、趋化因子、细胞因子和包封的细胞外囊泡（EVs）。凋亡小体（ABs）是大 EV（直径 500𠀓2000nm），含有多种与起源细胞特征相关的细胞成分，包括 microRNA、mRNA、DNA、蛋白质和脂质，它们是在细胞凋亡过程中产生的。释放的 AB 及其携带的遗传信息被巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、上皮细胞和成纤维细胞等靶细胞吞噬，随后在溶酶体中被内化和降解，这表明它们具有促进细胞间通讯的能力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 MSC 衍生的 AB 的生物学功能和治疗潜力的最新理解，包括免疫调节、组织再生、炎症反应调节和药物传递系统。
