Kaye Alan D, Greene Driskell, Alvarez-Amado Alana V, Townsend Horace L, Forte Michael, Vasterling Megan, Hirsch Jon D, Howard Jeffrey, Ahmadzadeh Shahab, Willett Olga, Kaye Adam M, Shekoohi Sahar, Varrassi Giustino
Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 31;16(7):e65883. doi: 10.7759/cureus.65883. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Pyogenic (septic) arthritis is a severe joint infection characterized by the invasion of microorganisms into the synovium, causing inflammation and joint destruction. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of pyogenic arthritis, focusing on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management strategies. This review explores routes of microbial entry into joints, emphasizing the importance of prompt identification and treatment to prevent irreversible joint damage. Clinical manifestations, such as joint pain, swelling, and limited range of motion, are discussed, along with the challenges in differentiating pyogenic arthritis from other joint disorders. Diagnostic approaches, including joint aspiration and imaging modalities, are critically examined for accuracy in confirming diagnosis. This review also addresses the significance of early intervention through antimicrobial therapy and joint drainage, highlighting the role of multidisciplinary collaboration in optimizing patient outcomes. In summary, the present investigation underscores the complexities of pyogenic arthritis and the need for a comprehensive understanding of pathophysiology for timely and effective management to improve patient prognosis and quality of life.
化脓性（败血性）关节炎是一种严重的关节感染，其特征是微生物侵入滑膜，导致炎症和关节破坏。这篇综述文章全面概述了化脓性关节炎，重点关注病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断和管理策略。本综述探讨了微生物进入关节的途径，强调了及时识别和治疗以防止不可逆关节损伤的重要性。文章讨论了诸如关节疼痛、肿胀和活动范围受限等临床表现，以及将化脓性关节炎与其他关节疾病区分开来所面临的挑战。对包括关节穿刺和成像方式在内的诊断方法进行了严格审查，以确认诊断的准确性。本综述还阐述了通过抗菌治疗和关节引流进行早期干预的重要性，强调了多学科协作在优化患者治疗效果中的作用。总之，本研究强调了化脓性关节炎的复杂性，以及全面理解病理生理学对于及时有效管理以改善患者预后和生活质量的必要性。
