Mousavian Zahra, Fahimi-Kashani Ensieh, Nafisi Vahidreza, Fahimi-Kashani Nafiseh
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
Bachelor student, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Malayer International University, Hamedan.
Iran J Biotechnol. 2024 Apr 1;22(2):e3722. doi: 10.30498/ijb.2024.399314.3722. eCollection 2024 Apr.
The early detection of infectious microorganisms is crucial for preventing and controlling the transmission of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of biosensors based on various diagnostic methods for measuring airborne pathogens.
This article aims to explore recent advancements in the field of biosensors tailored for the detection and monitoring of airborne microorganisms, offering insights into emerging technologies and their potential applications in environmental surveillance and public health management.
The study summarizes the research conducted on novel methods of detecting airborne microorganisms using different biological sensors, as well as the application of signal amplification technologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoassay reactions, molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) technique, lectin and cascade reactions, and nanomaterials.
Antibody and PCR detection methods are effective for specific microbial strains, but they have limitations including limited stability, high cost, and the need for skilled operators with basic knowledge of the target structure. Biosensors based on MIP and lectin offer a low-cost, stable, sensitive, and selective alternative to antibodies and PCR. However, challenges remain, such as the detection of small gas molecules by MIP and the lower sensitivity of lectins compared to antibodies. Additionally, achieving high sensitivity in complex environments poses difficulties for both methods.
The development of sensitive, reliable, accessible, portable, and inexpensive biosensors holds great potential for clinical and environmental applications, including disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and point-of-care testing, offering a promising future in this field. This review presents an overview of biosensor detection principles, covering component identification, energy conversion principles, and signal amplification. Additionally, it summarizes the research and applications of biosensors in the detection of airborne microorganisms. The latest advancements and future trends in biosensor detection of airborne microorganisms are also analyzed.
早期检测感染性微生物对于预防和控制疾病传播至关重要。本文全面综述了基于各种诊断方法用于测量空气传播病原体的生物传感器。
本文旨在探索为检测和监测空气传播微生物量身定制的生物传感器领域的最新进展，深入了解新兴技术及其在环境监测和公共卫生管理中的潜在应用。
该研究总结了使用不同生物传感器检测空气传播微生物的新方法的研究，以及信号放大技术如聚合酶链反应（PCR）、免疫测定反应、分子印迹聚合物（MIP）技术、凝集素和级联反应以及纳米材料的应用。
抗体和PCR检测方法对特定微生物菌株有效，但存在局限性，包括稳定性有限、成本高以及需要具备目标结构基础知识的熟练操作人员。基于MIP和凝集素的生物传感器为抗体和PCR提供了一种低成本、稳定、灵敏且具有选择性的替代方案。然而，挑战依然存在，例如MIP对小气体分子的检测以及凝集素与抗体相比灵敏度较低。此外，在复杂环境中实现高灵敏度对这两种方法都构成困难。
开发灵敏、可靠、可及、便携且廉价的生物传感器在临床和环境应用中具有巨大潜力，包括疾病诊断、治疗监测和即时检测，在该领域前景广阔。本综述概述了生物传感器检测原理，涵盖组件识别、能量转换原理和信号放大。此外，总结了生物传感器在空气传播微生物检测中的研究和应用。还分析了生物传感器检测空气传播微生物的最新进展和未来趋势。
