Sangchan Taksaporn, Koosakulchai Vanlaya, Sangsupawanich Pasuree, Srisuk Bunrat, Yuenyongviwat Araya
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
Asia Pac Allergy. 2024 Aug;14(3):103-107. doi: 10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000142. Epub 2024 Apr 4.
Respiratory allergy significantly impacts children's health and quality of life, with inhaled allergens serving as prevalent triggers for respiratory symptoms. Aeroallergen sensitization, confirmed through the skin prick test (SPT), naturally evolves over time and is influenced by environmental factors specific to each region.
This study aimed to review the updated 6-year trend of aeroallergen sensitization among children with asthma and allergic rhinitis in Southern Thailand.
This retrospective study involved a review of patients aged ≤15 years diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, who underwent the SPT using 12 standardized aeroallergens.
The medical records of 1,393 children were reviewed, with 63% being male, and the mean age was 7.4 ± 3.3 years. Among them, 55.5% presented with allergic rhinitis alone, followed by 31.6% with asthma and allergic rhinitis, and 12.9% with asthma alone. Over the 6-year period, house dust mites emerged as the most common sensitized allergen, followed closely by cockroaches, maintaining a consistent trend of sensitization. ranked as the predominant sensitized allergen across all diagnoses (63% in asthma with allergic rhinitis, 52.7% in allergic rhinitis, and 43.5% in asthma). Children diagnosed with both asthma and allergic rhinitis exhibited a higher prevalence of sensitization to house dust mites, cockroaches, Johnson grass, acacia, , and cat pelts compared with those with asthma or allergic rhinitis alone. Additionally, the prevalence of house dust mite and cockroach sensitization was notably higher in older children (≥5 years old) with respiratory allergies.
House dust mites and cockroaches emerge as the 2 most prevalent sensitized aeroallergens among children diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, exhibiting consistent trends of sensitization over the past 6 years. The persistence of these causative allergens underscores the importance of meticulous environmental control measures for children affected by respiratory allergies.
呼吸道过敏对儿童健康和生活质量有显著影响，吸入性过敏原是呼吸道症状的常见诱因。通过皮肤点刺试验（SPT）确诊的气传过敏原致敏情况会随时间自然演变，并受每个地区特定环境因素的影响。
本研究旨在回顾泰国南部哮喘和过敏性鼻炎儿童气传过敏原致敏情况的6年最新趋势。
这项回顾性研究涉及对年龄≤15岁、诊断为哮喘和/或过敏性鼻炎且使用12种标准化气传过敏原进行皮肤点刺试验的患者进行回顾。
共回顾了1393名儿童的病历，其中63%为男性，平均年龄为7.4±3.3岁。其中，55.5%仅患有过敏性鼻炎，其次是31.6%患有哮喘和过敏性鼻炎，12.9%仅患有哮喘。在这6年期间，屋尘螨成为最常见的致敏过敏原，其次是蟑螂，致敏趋势保持一致。在所有诊断中均为主要致敏过敏原（哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎中占63%，过敏性鼻炎中占52.7%，哮喘中占43.5%）。与仅患有哮喘或过敏性鼻炎的儿童相比，同时诊断为哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的儿童对屋尘螨、蟑螂、石茅、金合欢、 和猫皮屑的致敏率更高。此外，呼吸道过敏的大龄儿童（≥5岁）对屋尘螨和蟑螂的致敏率明显更高。
屋尘螨和蟑螂是诊断为哮喘和/或过敏性鼻炎儿童中最常见的两种致敏气传过敏原，在过去6年中呈现出一致的致敏趋势。这些致病过敏原的持续存在凸显了对受呼吸道过敏影响的儿童采取细致环境控制措施的重要性。
