Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev-Gentofte, Gentofte Hositalsvej 22, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2024 Nov;24(11):619-622. doi: 10.1007/s11882-024-01178-2. Epub 2024 Sep 2.
While there are compelling arguments for developing subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy for alleviation of food allergies, there is a limited number of studies in the public domain. The review seeks to present the approaches taken, to explain the paucity of studies, and to identify new roads for development.
A literature search revealed clinical trials of immunotherapy of food allergies to fish and peanut, but studies had limited patient numbers, short treatment courses and follow-up periods. Indications, but no clearcut effects, were seen with both classical allergen extracts and hypo-allergenic preparations. A special case is the influence on cross-reactive food allergies, when subcutaneously administered birch-pollen extracts are used for treatment of birch pollen hayfever and/or asthma. Again indications, but no convincing efficacy has been registered. Newer developments include recombinant hypoallergens and DNA-technologies. Subcutaneous immunotherapy for food allergies has not matured to provide clinically relevant treatment opportunities.
虽然有充分的理由开发皮下过敏原特异性免疫疗法以减轻食物过敏，但在公共领域中此类研究数量有限。本综述旨在介绍已采用的方法，解释研究的匮乏，并确定新的发展方向。
文献检索显示了针对鱼类和花生过敏的免疫疗法的临床试验，但这些研究的患者数量有限，治疗疗程和随访时间较短。经典过敏原提取物和低变应原制剂都显示出了一定的效果，但并不明确。一个特殊的例子是交叉反应性食物过敏的影响，当使用皮下给予的桦树花粉提取物治疗桦树花粉花粉症和/或哮喘时。同样也有一定的效果，但尚未证实其疗效。较新的发展包括重组低变应原和 DNA 技术。用于治疗食物过敏的皮下免疫疗法尚未成熟，无法提供具有临床相关性的治疗机会。
