Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Labs, National Institute for Genomics and Advance Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan.
Funct Plant Biol. 2024 Sep;51. doi: 10.1071/FP24092.
Global agricultural production must quadruple by 2050 to fulfil the needs of a growing global population, but climate change exacerbates the difficulty. Cereals are a very important source of food for the world population. Improved cultivars are needed, with better resistance to abiotic stresses like drought, salt, and increasing temperatures, and resilience to biotic stressors like bacterial and fungal infections, and pest infestation. A popular, versatile, and helpful method for functional genomics and crop improvement is genome editing. Rapidly developing genome editing techniques including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) are very important. This review focuses on how CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing might enhance cereals' agronomic qualities in the face of climate change, providing important insights for future applications. Genome editing efforts should focus on improving characteristics that confer tolerance to conditions exacerbated by climate change (e.g. drought, salt, rising temperatures). Improved water usage efficiency, salt tolerance, and heat stress resilience are all desirable characteristics. Cultivars that are more resilient to insect infestations and a wide range of biotic stressors, such as bacterial and fungal diseases, should be created. Genome editing can precisely target genes linked to disease resistance pathways to strengthen cereals' natural defensive systems.
到 2050 年，全球农业生产必须翻两番，才能满足全球不断增长的人口的需求，但气候变化使这一任务更加艰巨。谷物是世界人口非常重要的食物来源。需要改良品种，提高对非生物胁迫（如干旱、盐和温度升高）的抗性，提高对生物胁迫（如细菌和真菌感染以及虫害）的弹性。基因组编辑是一种用于功能基因组学和作物改良的流行、多功能且有用的方法。快速发展的基因组编辑技术，包括簇状规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）和 CRISPR 相关蛋白（Cas），非常重要。这篇综述重点介绍了 CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑如何应对气候变化增强谷物的农艺品质，为未来的应用提供了重要的见解。基因组编辑工作应侧重于改善对气候变化加剧的条件（如干旱、盐、气温升高）具有耐受性的特征。提高用水效率、耐盐性和耐热性恢复能力都是理想的特征。应培育对虫害和多种生物胁迫（如细菌和真菌疾病）更具弹性的品种。基因组编辑可以精确靶向与抗病途径相关的基因，增强谷物的天然防御系统。
