Wollnik Ronja, Borchers Malgorzata, Seibert Ruben, Abel Susanne, Herrmann Pierre, Elsasser Peter, Hildebrandt Jakob, Meisel Kathleen, Hofmann Pia, Radtke Kai, Selig Marco, Kazmin Stanislav, Szarka Nora, Thrän Daniela
DBFZ-Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany.
UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 2;14(1):20395. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71017-x.
Bio-based carbon dioxide removal encompasses a range of (1) natural sink enhancement concepts in agriculture and on organic soils including peatlands, and in forestry, (2) bio-based building materials, and (3) bioenergy production with CO capture and storage (BECCS). A common database on these concepts is crucial for their consideration in strategies and implementation. In this study, we analyse standardised factsheets on these concepts. We find different dynamics of deployment until 2045: for CO removal rates from the atmosphere, natural sink enhancement concepts are characterised by gradually increasing rates, followed by a saturation and potentially a decrease after few decades; forest-related measures ramp up slowly and for construction projects and bioenergy plants, annually constant removal rates are assumed during operation which drop to zero afterwards. The expenses for removing 1 t CO from the atmosphere were found to be between 8 and 520 € t CO, which arises from high divergence both in capital and operational expenditures among the concepts. This high variability of expenses seems to suggest the more cost-effective concepts should be implemented first. However, aspects from economics, resource base and environmental impacts to social and political implications for Germany need to be considered for developing implementation strategies. All concepts investigated could be deployed on scales to significantly contribute to the German climate neutrality target.
（1）农业和包括泥炭地在内的有机土壤以及林业中的自然汇增强概念；（2）生物基建筑材料；（3）具有二氧化碳捕集与封存功能的生物能源生产（BECCS）。关于这些概念的通用数据库对于在战略和实施中考虑它们至关重要。在本研究中，我们分析了关于这些概念的标准化情况说明书。我们发现到2045年不同的部署动态：对于从大气中去除二氧化碳的速率，自然汇增强概念的特点是速率逐渐增加，随后饱和，几十年后可能下降；与森林相关的措施增长缓慢，对于建设项目和生物能源工厂，运营期间假设年去除率恒定，之后降至零。从大气中去除1吨二氧化碳的成本在8至520欧元/吨二氧化碳之间，这源于各概念在资本和运营支出方面的巨大差异。这种成本的高度变异性似乎表明应首先实施更具成本效益的概念。然而，在制定实施战略时，需要考虑从经济、资源基础、环境影响到对德国的社会和政治影响等方面。所有研究的概念都可以在一定规模上部署，以显著促进德国的气候中和目标。
