Ebbisa Addisu F, Dechassa Nigussie, Bekeko Zelalem, Liben Fayera
School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia.
Alliance of Biodiversity International and CIAT, ILRI, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 6;10(16):e35662. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35662. eCollection 2024 Aug 30.
The yield of intercropped peanut ( L.) in cereal crops was drastically reduced by 20-55 %, presumably due to high interspecific competition caused by illogical field layout and imbalanced fertilizer application. Field experiments were conducted in the Babile district of Eastern Ethiopia during the main cropping seasons of 2021 and 2022 to assess the possibilities of minimizing the peanut yield penalty and instability while improving sorghum production. The treatments consisted of two monocrops (SM = sole sorghum, GM = sole peanut), three row-configurations (S1G1 = 1-row sorghum with 1-row peanut, S1G2 = 1-row sorghum with 2-row peanut, MBILI = Managing Beneficial Interactions in Legume Intercrops via modifying 2-rows of sorghum with 2-rows of peanut), and four vermicompost levels (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 t/ha), which were factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Peanut under MBILI with 4.5 t/ha vermicompost boosted peanut seed/pod and dry pod yield by 17.5 % and 20 %, respectively, with a corresponding rise of sorghum grain yield by 72 % and net profit by 48 %. Unlike GM, intercropping peanut with sorghum significantly increases yield with time, which shows the high yield stability and sustainability of intercropping over monocropping. Interestingly, peanut yield in this treatment was statistically on par with pure stand, supporting the concept that MBILI row-configuration is necessary for maintaining the potential yield of the peanut crop. Similarly, the assessment of bio-ecological indices infers the superiority of the MBILI in terms of land use efficiency, yield advantage, and profitability compared to other combinations. This implies that modifying the planting geometry along with balanced nutrient supply could alleviate the detrimental effects of sorghum over peanut by minimizing interspecific competition, thereby giving better yield and economic value for subsistence farmers.
谷类作物间作花生（L.）的产量大幅降低了20%-55%，这可能是由于田间布局不合理和施肥不均衡导致种间竞争激烈。2021年和2022年主要种植季节期间，在埃塞俄比亚东部的巴比尔地区进行了田间试验，以评估在提高高粱产量的同时，尽量减少花生产量损失和不稳定性的可能性。试验处理包括两种单作（SM = 单作高粱，GM = 单作花生）、三种行配置（S1G1 = 1行高粱与1行花生间作，S1G2 = 1行高粱与2行花生间作，MBILI = 通过将2行高粱与2行花生进行改良来管理豆科作物间作中的有益相互作用）和四个蚯蚓堆肥水平（0、1.5、3和4.5吨/公顷），这些处理采用随机完全区组设计进行析因排列，并重复三次。MBILI模式下施4.5吨/公顷蚯蚓堆肥的花生，其籽仁/荚果产量和干荚果产量分别提高了17.5%和20%，相应地高粱籽粒产量提高了72%，净利润提高了48%。与单作花生不同，花生与高粱间作随着时间推移显著提高了产量，这表明间作相对于单作具有更高的产量稳定性和可持续性。有趣的是，该处理下花生的产量在统计学上与纯作相当，这支持了MBILI行配置对于维持花生作物潜在产量是必要的这一观点。同样，生物生态指标评估表明，与其他组合相比，MBILI在土地利用效率、产量优势和盈利能力方面具有优越性。这意味着调整种植几何形状并提供均衡的养分供应，可以通过减少种间竞争来减轻高粱对花生的不利影响，从而为自给农民带来更好的产量和经济价值。
